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CONTROL QUESTIONS AND TASKS. 1. While calculating a water balance we may consider as a constant value:

1. While calculating a water balance we may consider as a constant value:

A. Diuresis

B. Losses with drainages

C. Deficit of water

D. Losses with respiration

2. Blood acidity is measured in:

A. pH units

B. Millimeters ofHg

C. mmol/l

D. millimeters of water column

3. What index reflects exactly [H⁺] concentration?

A. pH

B. PaC0₂

C. Pa0₂
D.BE

4. [Na⁺] concentration in plasma accepted as the norm:

A. 24 mmol/l

B. 42 mmol/l

C. 142 mmol/l

D. 184 mmol/l

5. [K⁺] concentration in plasma accepted as the norm:

A. 4.5 mmol/l

B. 2.4 mmol/l

C. 103 mmol/l

D. 142 mmol/l

6. A volume of extracellular fluid in a healthy young man in relation to a
body mass makes up approximately:

A. 15%

B. 20%

C. 40%

D. 60%

7. All the below-given refers to obligatory water losses, except:

A. Evaporations from skin surface

B. Evaporations in the lungs

C. Evaporations in bronchi

D. Vomiting

8. To pathological losses we refer:

A. Diuresis

B. Loss of water with breathing

C. Drainage of abdominal cavity

D. Diarrhea

9. Osmolarity of plasma in the norm is:

A. Approximately equal to osmolarity of interstitial fluid

B. Less than osmolarity of interstitial fluid

C. Approximately equal to osmolarity of intracellular fluid

D. More than osmolarity of intracellular fluid

10. Concentration of bivalent ions measured in mmol/1 and meq/1:

A. Differs twofold

B. Differs threefold

C. Differs fourfold

D. Equal to one another

11. Where is the greatest [K⁺] concentration from the below-given?

A. Blood plasma

B. Extracellular fluid

C. Intracellular fluid

D. Interstitial fluid

12. Where is the greatest [Mg⁺⁺] concentration from the below-given?

A. Blood plasma

B. Extracellular fluid-

C. Intracellular fluid

D. Interstitial fluid

13. What cation has the greatest concentration in blood plasma?

A. Potassium

B. Sodium

C. Calcium

D. Magnesium

14. A daily need in [K⁺] in adults makes up approximately:

A. 0.8 g/day

B. 0.8 mmol/kg body mass

C. 1-2 mmol/kg body mass

D. 5 mmol/kg body mass

15. What anion has the greatest concentration in blood plasma?

A. Chloride

B. Bicarbonate

C. Phosphate

D. Sulfate

16. In adults a daily need in sodium makes up approximately:

A. 0.8 mmol/kg body mass

B. 1-2 g/kg body mass

C. 1-2 mmol/kg body mass

D. 4-5 mmol/day

17. The greatest concentration in blood plasma belongs to:

A. Bicarbonate

B. Chloride

C. Potassium

D. Sodium

18. The least [K⁺] concentration takes place in:

A. Blood plasma

B. Erythrocytes

C. Leukocytes

D. Thrombocytes

19. [CI^-] concentration in plasma accepted as the norm:

A. 4.5 mmol/l

B. 42 mmol/l

C. 103 mmol/l

D. 142 mmol/l

20. By erythrocytes dimension we may judge of:

A. [K⁺] cellular level

B. Plasma osmolarity

C. Rheologic properties of blood

D. Acid-alkali balance

21. A total amount of water in a healthy young man in relation to his body
mass makes up approximately:

A. 20%

B. 40%

C. 60%

D. 80%

22. A total amount of water in a healthy young woman in relation to her body mass makes up approximately:

A. 20%

B. 50%

C. 5%

D. 45%

23.Total amount of water in a healthy man in relation to his body mass depends on:

A. Age

B. Sex

C. Obesity

D. Daily water consumption

24. An osmolarity of extracellular fluid depends, chiefly, on concentration of:

A. K⁺

B. Na⁺

C. Urea

D. Bicarbonate

25. A risk of cerebral edema development is the highest in:

A. Hypertonic dehydration

B. Hypertonic hyperhydration

C. Isotonic hyperhydration

D. Hypotonic hyperhydration

26. Hypoosmolar hyperhydration arises more often as a result of:

A. Shortage of sodium

B. Excess of sodium

C. Excess of water

D. Hyperglycemia

27. Clinical picture of hypovolemic shock is typical for:

A. Hypertonic dehydration

B. Hypotonic dehydration

C. Isotonic hyperhydration

D. Hypotonic hyperhydration

28. Normal osmolarity of extracellular fluid is:

A. 220-250 mosm

B. 280-310 mosm

C. 320—325 mosm

D. 330-360 mosm

37. What method is plasma osmolarity determined by?

A. Astrup's micromethod

B. Fluoroscopic

C. Photoelectrocolorimetric

D. Cryoscopic

38. Which of the one-molar solutions, given below, will freeze at the lowest
temperature?

A. NaCl solution

B. Glucose solution

C. CaCl-, solution

D. Urea solution

39. Metabolic acidosis develops, as a rule, in:

A. Respiratory failure

B. Hypoxia of tissues

C. Increased PaCOi

D. [K⁺J shortage

40. Metabolic acidosis is accompanied, as a rule, by:

A. Hypertonic dehydration

B. Hyperkalemia

C. Hypernatremia

D. Elevation ofPaCO,

41. Indicate the least capacious buffer system of the organism:

A. Hemoglobin buffer

B. Bicarbonate buffer

C. Phosphate buffer

D. Protein buffer

42. A normal content of bicarbonate ions in blood plasma is:

A. 36 mmol/l

B. 24g/l

C. 24 mmol/l

D. 103 mmol/l

43. A cause of metabolic alkalosis may be:

A. Acute renal failure

B. Diabetic coma

C. Pyloric stenosis

D. Acute blood loss

44. In shock, as a rule, develops:

A. Respiratory alkalosis

B. Respiratory acidosis

C. Metabolic alkalosis

D. Metabolic acidosis

45 A level of bicarbonate in blood plasma increases, as a rule, in:

A. Metabolic acidosis

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Respiratory acidosis

D. Does not change

46. The following is inherent in metabolic acidosis:

A. pH decrease and BE elevation

B. pH decrease and BE decrease

C. pH increase and BE elevation

D. pH increase and BE decrease

47. A severe vomiting and prolonged drainage of stomach lead to:

A. Metabolic acidosis

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Respiratory alkalosis

D. Combination of metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

48. A compensatory reaction of the organism in chronic acidosis, usually
may be:

A. Elevation of bicarbonate level in plasma

B. Elevation ofPaCO,

C. Decrease ofPaCO-,

D. [K⁺] decrease in plasma

49. A compensatory reaction of the organism in chronic alkalosis, usually,
may be:

A. Decrease of bicarbonate level in plasma

B. Elevation ofPaCO-,

C. Decrease ofPaC0₂

D. Elevation of [K⁺J in plasma

50. Usually, a level of [K⁺] in blood plasma is:

A. Elevated in alkalosis

B. Decreased in acidosis

C. Elevated in acidosis and decreased in alkalosis

D. Decreased in acidosis and elevated in alkalosis

51. The main osmotically active substance in extracellular fluid is:

A. K⁺

B. Na⁺

C. Glucose

D. Urea

E. Bicarbonate

52. There is a smell of acetone from the female patient with a trophic ulcer
of the shin on the background of diabetes mellitus. The most probable
disturbance of AAB is:

A. Not any

B. Metabolic acidosis

C. Metabolic alkalosis

D. Respiratory acidosis

E. Respiratory alkalosis

53. A two-year old child with ARVI, is pale, RR — 44, a smell of acetone
from the mouth, in the lungs — harsh breathing, no rales, t° — 36.6° C, pulse —
134? FL— 80/55. Is there a disturbance of AAB?

A. Not any

B. Respiratory acidosis

C. Respiratory alkalosis

D. Metabolic acidosis

E. Metabolic alkalosis

54. Being on spontaneous respiration a postoperative patient became cyanotic.
Carbon dioxide tension is 80 mm Hg, BE = -2, pH = 7.2. What is this?

A. Metabolic acidosis

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Respiratory acidosis

D. Respiratory alkalosis

E. Combination of respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis

55. In the adult pC0₂ in arterial blood is 40 mm Hg, bicarbonate
concentration — 29 mmol/1, pH — 7.64. What is this?

A. Compensated metabolic acidosis

B. Compensated metabolic alkalosis

C. Compensated respiratory acidosis

D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

56. In the adult during APV, pC0₂ in arterial blood is 58 mm Hg, pH —
7.27. What is this?

A. Compensated metabolic acidosis

B. Compensated metabolic alkalosis

C. Compensated respiratory acidosis

D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

57. In the adult pC0₂ in arterial blood is 40 mm Hg, bicarbonate con­
centration — 29 mmol/1, pH — 7.46. What is this?

A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

B. Uncompensated- metabolic alkalosis

C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Compensated metabolic acidosis

58. In the adult, on the background of APV, pC0₂ in arterial blood is 40
mm Hg, a level of bicarbonate — 20 mmol/1, pH — 7.34. What is this?

A. Compensated metabolic acidosis

B. Compensated metabolic alkalosis

C. Compensated respiratory acidosis

D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

59. In the adult, on the background of APV, pC0₂ in arterial blood is 40
mm Hg, a level of bicarbonate — 20 mmol/1, pH — 7.34. What is this?

A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

B. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Compensated metabolic acidosis

60. In the adult, on the background of APV, pC0₂ in arterial blood is 33
mm Hg, a level of bicarbonate — 24 mmol/1, pH — 7.46. What is this?

A. Compensated metabolic acidosis

B. Compensated metabolic alkalosis

C. Compensated respiratory acidosis

D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

61. In the adult, on the background of APV, pC0₂ in arterial blood is 33
mm Hg, a level of bicarbonate — 24 mmol/1, pH — 7.46. What is this?

A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

B. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

D. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

E. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

62. As a result of hyperventilation during anesthesia with APV may acutely
arise:

A. Metabolic acidosis

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Respiratory acidosis

D. Respiratory alkalosis

E. Combination of respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis

63. As a result of hypoventilation may develop:

A. Metabolic acidosis

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Respiratory acidosis

D. Respiratory alkalosis

E. Combination of metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

64. It is characteristic of metabolic acidosis:

A. pH decrease and BE elevation

B. pH decrease and BE decrease

C. [H⁺J decrease and BE elevation

D. [H⁺] decrease and BE decrease

E. [H⁺J increase and BE elevation

65. A level of bicarbonate is elevated in plasma:

A. In metabolic acidosis

B. In metabolic alkalosis

C. In both metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis

D. Does not change neither in metabolic acidosis nor in metabolic
alkalosis

E. Decreased in metabolic alkalosis.

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