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Epidemiology of aseptic meningitis

Viruses are the major cause of aseptic meningitis syndrome, an illness that is reported to occur with an incidence rate of 10.9 cases per 100,000 person-years.

Aseptic meningitis occurs in individuals of all ages, although it is more common in children, especially during summer. No racial differences are reported.

Aseptic meningitis tends to occur 3 times more frequently in males than in females.

The enteroviruses are distributed worldwide, and the infection rates vary depending on the season of the year and a population’s age and socioeconomic status. Most enterovirus infections occur in individuals who are younger than age 15 years, with the highest attack rates in children who are younger than 1 year.

Infections with the St. Louis encephalitis virus usually occurs during the summer and early fall, with symptoms being typical of acute aseptic meningitis. In the United States, the last epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis was in Florida in 1990. Twenty-four cases were reported to the CDC in 1998, with most cases originating from Louisiana.

Infection with the La Crosse encephalitis virus also usually occurs during the summer and early fall, with symptoms again being typical of acute aseptic meningitis.

Infections with the LCM virus occur worldwide; most human cases occur among young adults during autumn.

B dermatitidis is reportedly endemic in North America (eg, Mississippi and Ohio River basins). It has also been isolated from parts of Central America, South America, the Middle East, and India.

H capsulatum has been reported from many areas of the world, with the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys being the most endemic regions in North America.

A cantonensis is common in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It has also been found in rats outside this region, particularly in regions of Africa, Puerto Rico, and Louisiana, presumably introduced by ship-borne rats from endemic areas.

G spinigerum is common in Southeast Asia, China, and Japan but has been reported sporadically worldwide.

Go to Aseptic Meningitis for complete information on this topic.

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