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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
1. Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, a diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population. The phenomenon of diversity has had a long history of study. The fact that organisms changed during prehistoric times and that new variations are constantly evolving can be verified by paleontological records. 2. Long after Darwin had assumed that variations existed; biologists discovered that they are caused by a change in the genetic material. This change can be a slight alteration in the sequence of the constituents of DNA, a larger change such as a structural alteration of a chromosome, or a complete change in the number of chromosomes. In any case, a change in the genetic material in the reproductive cells manifests itself as some kind of structural or chemical change in the offspring. The consequence of such a mutation depends upon the interaction of the mutant offspring with its environment. 3. It has been suggested that sexual reproduction became the dominant type of reproduction among organisms because of its inherent advantage of variability, which is the mechanism that enables a species to adjust to changing conditions. New variations are potentially present in genetic differences, but how preponderant a variation becomes in a gene pool depends upon the number of offspring the mutants or variants produce. It is possible for a genetic novelty (new variation) to spread in time to all members of a population, especially if the novelty enhances the population's chances for survival in the environment in which it exists. 4. Thus, when a species is introduced into a new habitat, it either adapts to the change by natural selection or by some other evolutionary mechanism or else it eventually dies off. Because each new habitat means new adaptations, habitat changes have been responsible for the millions of different kinds of species and for the heterogeneity within each species. (Encyclopedia Britannica) Определите, является ли утверждение: Paleontological researches found the evidence of gradual changes. Варианты ответов: 1. истинным 2. ложным 3. в тексте нет информации
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