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READING AND DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS

Ex. 5. Insert the missing letters:

Blemi_h; contami_ate; demen_ia; expo_ure; meni_x; persi_t; b_oster; swe_t; sp_t; ge_m.

Ex. 6. Translate the following words into Ukrainian:

Contaminate; exposure; persist; soaking; sweat; spot; blemish; germ; meninx; dementia; pandemic; worldwide; booster; opportunistic.

Ex. 7. Read the following words and word-combinations:

Acquired; immunodeficiency; deficient; fluid; blood; semen; vaginal secretions; breast; contaminated; intravenous; however; exposure; fatigue; chronic diarrhea; headache; cough; breath; tongue; microscopic germ; foreign organism; lymphocyte; spinal cord; peripheral nerves; pneumonia; cancer; fungal; cause; meningitis; encephalitis; cyst; tumor; dementia; scientist; antiviral; prevent; through; behavior.

AIDS Virus

Ex. 8. Read the following text:

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an immune deficient state caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS was first reported in 1981. HIV is transmitted from an infected to a noninfected person by transfer of body fluids (e.g., blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk) containing the virus. The major methods of transmission are sexual contact, contaminated needles used by intravenous drug users, and blood products.

Once infected with HIV, most people have no symptoms and no indication that they are infected. However infected individuals are able to transmit the virus to others. The signs and symptoms of AIDS are the following: persisted unexplained fatigue, soaking night sweats, shaking chill or fever lasting for several weeks, unexplained weight loss, swelling of lymph nodes which persists more than 3 months, chronic diarrhea, headaches, persistent dry cough and shortness of breath, white spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue or in the mouth, difficulties with speech, memory, concentration, or coordination.

If your immune system is healthy, white blood cells and antibodies help to fight against microscopic germs to keep you free from disease. When a foreign organism enters the body, it is attacked and destroyed.This response is coordinated by T-cell lymphocytes.

Most persons with AIDS develop pneumonia or a skin cancer. Approximately a third develops nervous system diseases, which include viral, fungal, or bacterial infections that cause meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), encephalitis, or myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord). Other diseases of nervous system that occur in association with AIDS include parasitic cysts in the brain, abnormal growth of lymphoid tumors in the nervous system, and progressive form of dementia.

AIDS is a worldwide pandemic. At the beginning of 1996, scientists determined that more than 20 million people worldwide were infected with HIV and that more than 4.5 million people had AIDS. The WHO estimated that by the year 2000, more than 40 million people worldwide had been HIV-positive.

There are three main types of medications for HIV and AIDS. They are antiviral drugs, immune system boosters, and medications to help prevent or treat opportunistic infections. But the effectiveness of standard treatments is limited by the state of immunodeficiency. Researches on treatment are very active and new medications are being tested.The best way to fight AIDS is through education, awareness, and avoiding behaviors that may transmit HIV. Learning the facts about HIV and AIDS is the best protection.

Ex. 9. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:

Плямочка, ділянка ураження|ураження|; умовно-патогенний|патогенний|; грибковий; неоплазма, новоутворення, пухлина; реімунізація|, ревакцинація; заражати, інфікувати; контакт з|із| джерелом зараження; зберігати, утримувати, продовжувати; обізнаність, знання; потовиділення|випіт,потовідділення|; мікроорганізм; мозкова оболонка; недоумство|слабоумство|.

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