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SUBJECT INDEXActing out. See Treatment-destructive resistance Activity of analyst, 63, 66-67, 110-111, 180 See also Interventions Affect(s) 26, 129, 143, 163,161 See also Narcissistic transference, Transference, and specific entries Aggression (aggressive drive, cathexes, impulses), 26, 33-36, 66, 66, 106, 108, 136, 140, 142, 146, 161, 166, 160, 183, 192 against the self, 21-23, 28, 190, 201 in clinical situation, 30-32 defense against, 20-21 early views on, 18-23 mobilized at trauma level, 19, 28-31 potential for, 35 role in schizophrenia, 19, 28 See also sub Schizophrenia, nuclear problem in, and Working hypothesis Ambulatory treatment, 4, 5n, 12, 66,83 requirements for, 70-71, 77 American Psychiatric Association, 3 "Analysis Terminable and Interminable," 131 Anger, 26,146,191,196,206 Anxiety, 18, 23, 66, 64, 83, 84, 120-121, 134, 141,143,146 Autobiographical Study, An, 131 "Baby sitting," 82,173-176 Body-ego, 17 Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 131 Causal therapy,6,36 Character problems, 47, 176 Communications of analyst, 69, 197, 206 to family, 90-91 in initial interview, 73-76 maturational, 63, 64, 181-183 multidisciplinary approach to, 43-68 nonverbal, 67, 176-176,178 quantification of, 60-68 See also Interventions Communications of patient, 5, 102-103, 107, 109,124,142 nonverbal, 103,176-176,186 progressive, 62-63, 124, 196, 198, 202 repetitive, 62-63 symbolic, 103, 109, 142, 186, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 196, 198, 199, 201, 202-204, 206 See also Resistance, Transference resistance. Treatment-destructive resistance Constructs, 149, 160, 166-166 See also Reconstruction Contact functioning, 42, 66, 103-104, 112, 144, 160, 167, 204 See also Interventions Contract. See sub Treatment relationship Cooperative functioning, concept of. See sub Treatment relationship Couch, 78, 78n, 89, 101, 121, 170, 183, 189, 196-197, 198 Counter-resistance, 162 See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings Countertransference, 9, 165-166, 162-166 analysis of, 167,163,166,167/176 and transference, 167,161,164 and reconstruction, 166-166 and specific transference states, 168-170 as resistance, 9, 41-42, 167 as therapeutic leverage, 9, 41-42, 166, 167, 172 definition of (scope), 162-163 distinguished from analyst's transference,162 in Case of Anna 0., 157-159 in schizophrenia, 156-157 narcissistic countertransference, 167, 168-170 negative countertransference, 41, 151-155 objective countertransference, 163, 164,166-167,168-170,190 prototype of, 158 subjective countertransference,163-164, 166,174 suppression or repression of, 37, 162, 166, 161, 166-167 use of, in treatment, 9, 167, 163, 165-166,175 See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings Countertransference resistance, 38, 41,42,166,162,170-175 clues to, 170-171 sources of 164, 172-176 Cure, concept of, 1-2 patient's theory of, 186-187 See also Personality maturation
Decisions, major, during treatment, 89,96 De-egotization of the object, 141, 146-147, 176,186 See also Ego field and object field, Egotization of the object Defense(s), 26, 26, 28, 32-34, 49, 66, 107, 108-109, 111, 114, 116, 127, 134, 169,183 activated by transference, 62 earliest modes of, 22 emotional neutrality as, 164 failure of, 30 in latent cases, 30-31 mechanisms in psychotic conditions, 14, 21-22, 23, 28 mobilization of, 183 narcissistic, 42, 102, 111, 113, 206 See also Resistance primary, 118 schizophrenia as, 28 Defense psychosis, 14 Demands, special, on analyst. See sub Treatment relationship Demence precoce, 2 Dementia praecox, 2, 3, 17, 131-132 See also Schizophrenia Dependency cravings, 86, 98,122 Depression, 16,132,143 Diagnosis. See sub Schizophrenia Diagnostic Manual, 3, 4, 4n Dreams, 66, 101. 107, 117 Dream state (and rudimentary relationship), 78-79 Dream studies (contemporary), 62 Drives, instinctual. See Instinctual drives Drugs, use of 12, 83 Dynamics of personality development, 46-51 neuropsychological formulation on, 51-60
Early maternal environment, 27 Ego and the Id, The, 19 Ego boundaries, 24, 31, 40, 102, 106,107,108 Ego deficiencies in schizophrenia, 86, 94, 112, 116, 121 Ego feeling, 24 Ego field and object field, 28, 40, 106-109, 141, 147, 160, 206 first object field, 106-107 in narcissistic transference, 108 revival of previous fields, 107 See also Egotization of the object, Objectification of the ego Ego formation and frustration, 23-27 early stage of, 106-107 See also Ego boundaries, Ego field and object field, Identification Ego passage, 108n Ego sacrifice, 26, 28, 31-32, 33, 34, 36 Ego-syntonic object. See sub Transference object Egotization of the object (introjection), 108-109, 139-140, 176 See also De-egotization of the object, Ego boundaries. Ego field and object field Emotional communication, 41,161 See also sub Interventions Emotional maturity, 48, 154 See also Personality maturation Environmental manipulation, 4, 90 See also Resistance, external Errors, 161, 177 theoretical. See sub Psychoanalysis (method) Etiology. See sub Schizophrenia "Experience of satisfaction," 29 Extremist attitudes, 205
Failure in treatment, 11, 16, 66, 96, 98, 109,190 Family, contact with. See sub Treatment relationship Family history, taking of, 74-76 Fantasies, 101-102, 106, 137, 138, 143, 146, 148,190,194 Fees and financial transactions. See sub Treatment relationship Fields of awareness. See Ego field and object field First International Psychoanalytic Congress, 16-16 Free association, 78, 98, 113, 114, 116, 183 neural significance of, 69 reformulation of fundamental rule, 183 See also Communications of patient, Verbalization, focus on Frustration, 24-27, 31, 33 See also Frustration-aggression Frustration-aggression, 22-26, 28-36, 48-49, 61, 66, 140, 163 facilitating release of, 116 interference with ego and superego functioning, 115 and resistance, 102, 104, 107, 116 See also Aggression, Verbalization, focus on Functional disorders, spectrum of, 47
Goals of treatment, 8, 96 initial, of patient, 69, 73-74, 81 Group for the Advancement of Psychotherapy, 157 Group psychotherapy, 90 Guilt, 81, 91, 106, 109, 116, 136, 144, 147, 196
Hate countertransference, 41 See also Countertransference, negative Hate, hatred, 19-23, 26, 30, 33-34, 39, 99-100, 134-136, 137, 138, 147, 163, 168-169, 160-161, 163, 172, 191, 196, 202-204 and erotic tendencies, 19 and indifference, 132 in personality development, 168-169 as therapeutic force, 39 verbalization of self-hatred, 192-193 See also Aggression, Transference, negative Hostility, 16, 22, 26, 40-41, 108, 137, 142, 163, 160-161 graduated release of, 196 Hypocritical stage (patient at), 199 Homosexual feelings, 20, 132, 148 Hysteria, 6,14,16,17, 168 See also Psychoneurosis
Identification (s) 20, 107, 135, 136, 147, 205 analyst's concordant and complementary, 168 and character problems, 176 and transient improvements, 176 with analyst, 164, 174, 176, 196 See also Egotization of the object Immature personality, 49 Immunization, 11, 125, 200 See also Toxoid response Impulses, aggressive. See Aggression Impulse disorders, 47 Indifference, 132 Indirect method, 43-46 Induced feelings, 9, 41, 86,125,141, 162, 159-160, 161, 163-164, 165,167-170,172,176-177,200, 201, 205 See also Countertransference, objective Initial interview, 70, 73-76,100 Insight, 8,113-114 Instinctual drives (impulses), 18, 20, 30, 33-34 aggressive, 18-19, 33-35. See also Aggression aim of, 20 erotic, 33 oedipal and genital strivings, 151 See also Libidinal factors Insulation against unwanted feeling states, 34, 111 See also Aggression, Libidinal factors Interpretation (s), 6-8, 22, 37-38, 41-42, 110, 112, 113-114, 123, 124, 126-127, 149, 180, 197 of content, 181 of dreams, 117 maturational, 182, 194-195,199 of oedipal problems, 126 of preverbal resistance, 196 on request, 182 sequence in, 195 of transference resistance, 127, 195 See also Interventions Interpretation of Dreams, The, 28-29, 95 Interruptions in treatment, 88, 124 Interventions, 8, 60, 61-68, 115, 116, 126,178-207 changing character of, 181 commands (orders), 181, 183-184, 186 directions, 183, 196 emotional communications, 125, 126, 127, 182, 190-194, 204-205 emotional confrontations, 182, 190, 191 explanations, 75, 96, 112, 115, 120, 181, 187-188, 197, 199, 200 general principles for, 179-183 interpretations. See Interpretations joining. See Joining techniques maturational communications, 62, 64,181-182 maturational interpretations. See Interpretations mirroring, 182. See also Joining techniques need for repetition in, 180,182 parsimony in, 60, 179,180 questions. See Questions range of, 64-68, 181 reflective, 112, 148,182 See also Joining techniques sequence in,181,196-204 verbal descriptions, 126 verbal feedings on self-demand schedule, 104, 116, 181, 196 See also Communications of analyst, Contact functioning, Interventions, illustrations of Interventions, illustrations of accepting distorted impressions of analyst, 197, 199 analyst's shortcomings, 187 auxiliary ego, 194 commands (orders), 183-184 devaluating the object, 190-191 echoing the ego, 190 ego-maniacal approach, 186, 190 ego-oriented questions, 186-187 explanations, 187 factual questions, 184-185 falling apart, 188-189 grilling for evidence, 184-185 hypocritical stage, 199 influencing one resistance pattern, 201-204 maturational interpretations, 195-196 meeting threats with threats, 189 modeling new behavior, 194 object-oriented questions, 185-186 "outcrazying" the patient, 192 patient's expectations, 186—187 saturating with suggestions, 189 suicide or patienticide, 192-193 toxoid response, 200-201 warm acquiescence, 193 weather, 188 Introjection, 106,108,147, 185 See also Egotization of the object
Joining techniques, 40, 42, 125-127, 147, 151, 182-183, 198-199, 200-201 ego-dystonic, 182-183,188-193 ego-syntonic, 182-183, 193-194
Letter writing, 89 Libidinal factors, 15-21, 24, 28, 30, 136 Libido theory, 15, 17-19 Love, 16, 30, 33, 134
Maladaptations, 25, 48, 50, 60, 61 Masturbation, guilt about, 195 Maturational agent(s), (interchanges and processes), 46-51, 55, 60 analyst in role of, 50, 204 Maturational failure, reactions to in spectrum of functional disorders, 47-48 Maturational needs, 35, 46-47, 48, 49, 50, 165 Medical reports and examinations, 75, 96, 97 Memory (images and processes), 28-29, 48, 55, 106, 108, 113, 116,117-118,148,149,205 See also Reconstruction Mental illness, 56, 58 Mind-body relationships, 52, 53 Mirroring of patient, 120 See also Joining techniques Modern indirect psychotherapy, 9 Modern neuropsychological theory, 54-58 Modem psychoanalysis, 9-10 adherence to classical framework, 10 application in schizophrenia, 7-8, 38-42 theory of technique in, 9-10, 39-42 See also Interventions, Psycho-analysis (method). Resistance, management and mastery of Modified psychoanalysis, 9 Mother-child relationship, 26, 27, 35 Motor output (motility), 30, 39, 62, 64, 67
Narcissism, 7, 17, 23, 32, 136,137 Narcissistic armor, 133 Narcissistic defense. See sub Defense Narcissistic neuroses, 6, 17, 132, 136 Narcissistic object, 8, 136 Narcissistic transference, 7-8, 33, 41-42, 66, 129, 135-150, 157, 164, 174, 178, 196-199, 202-203 development of concept, 135-139 evolution of, 8, 67, 135, 140-142, 143, 144, 145-146, 147-148, 196-199, 202-203 general characteristics, 141-142 major implications for technique, 142 management of, 41-42, 66-68, 141-142, 144-145, 146-147, 148-150,197 qualities of, 144 related terms, 138-139 resistance function of, 141 See also Transference resistance specific reactions in different stages of. 143-144, 145-146, 147-148, 176,196-199, 202-203 See also Transference Negative therapeutic reaction, 99 Negativism, 3, 17, 38, 76, 88, 183 Neurodynamics of personality development, 61, 54-58 Neuropsychological theory, modern, 54-68 Neutralization, theory of, 23, 33-34 Nonverbal communication. See sub Communications
Object, ego-syntonic. Sec sub Transference object Object field. See Ego field and object field Object, narcissistic, 8, 136 Object protection, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30, 31-32, 34, 102, 109,135 Object relations, 24, 26, 31, 33, 106, 134, 135, 149,153,205 Objectification of the ego, 108, 144-146, 176 See also De-egotization of the object Obsessional neurosis, 16,17 See also Psychoneurosis Obstacle (s) external, 43-44, 46, 95-96 See also Resistance, external Oceanic feeling, 107 Office practice. See Ambulatory treatment Oral needs, 26 Overstaying time, 121
Paradigmatic approach, 194, 200 Parameters, 10 Paranoia, 14, 131,132 Part-objects, 149 Patienticide, 158n, 192-193 Perceptual identity, 29 Personality development, 36, 47 dynamics of, 46-51 interferences with, 48-50 Personality maturation, 84, 94, 96, 109, 149, 184,206,207 Physical contact, 121-122 Positively suggestible patient, 183 Prefeeings (pre-ego, undifferen-tiated), 7, 106, 108-109, 113, 143, 144, 146, 147 Pressure to talk, 82-83 Primary defense, 118 Primary wishful attraction, 118 Procedures, distillation of standard, 112-113 Prognosis. See sub Schizophrenia "Project for a Scientific Psychology," 52-54, 118 Projection, 23, 106, 108, 147, 184-185 See also Objectification of theego Psychoanalysis.(method), 6-12, 36-42 classical, 6, 7, 9-11,141 definition of, 10 early application in schizophrenia, 1, 2,15,17 early theoretical errors in, 1, 6, 7 goals of, 1-2 See also Cure, analytic, Personality maturation in process of transition, 10 modern. See Modernpsycho-analysis theory of technique in, 6, 8, 9, 36-42,141 See also Interventions Psychoanalysis with parameters, 10 Psychoanalytic theory, development of, 52 Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy, 9 Psychogenic illness, 58 Psychological tests, use of, 74 Psychoneurosis, 6, 14-15, 36-37, 47 patient with, 6, 34, 37, 65, 82, 112, 113, 133, 137 Psychosomatic (psychobiological) conditions, 47,109 Psychosis, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 47, 102, 108, 139, 140, 158 and defense, 27, 33 defense mechanisms in, 14, 21-22, 23, 28 precipitation of, 10, 15, 33, 66, 80, 102, 103, 106,138 See also Resistance, personality fragmentation patterns of
Quantitative approach to communication, 43-68 See also Interventions Questions, 79, 116, 120, 121, 123, 124, 144, 149-150, 152-153, 181, 184-187, 196-204 countering introspective tendencies, 120-121, 145, 185-186 countering questions, 184, 187-188 ego-oriented, 184, 186-187 factual, 184, 188 grilling for evidence, 184-185 illustrations of, 184-187 in initial interview, 73-76 investigating delusionary ideas, 120, 184-185 object-oriented, 116, 120-121, 124, 144,185-186, 197, 202 See also Contact functioning. Interventions
Rage, 29, 106, 134, 149, 151, 153, 169-170, 171, 172, 176, 205 Reconstruction, 109, 113, 148-150, 153, 165-166, 167, 204-206 Recovery, 33, 206-207 See also Cure, Personality maturation Regression, 13, 17, 18, 23, 26, 32, 66, 67, 102, 103, 106, 124, 133, 134, 140, 143 control of, 112, 115-116, 121, 144 Reorganization of nervous system 68 Repression, 14, 16, 16, 49, 98 Resistance, 6-10, 37-42, 62-67, 93-128 analysis of, 38-42, 111, 113-114, 115, 125-128, 179-181 arousal of, 63,118,126 changing character of, 181, 201-203 classification of, 98-99 communication function of, 8, 94 controlling intensity of, 125-126 counter-resistance, 162 See also Countertransference resistance and counterforce to communication, 82,112,121, 125 dealing with, 38-42, 110-128, 201-203 and defense, 67, 94, 111, 126 definition, 93-95 early patterns in case, 79-80, 82, 86-87, 89, 92,100-101 of ego, 98-99,101 external resistance, 95-98, 116 and frustration-aggression, 102, 106, 127 general strategy in dealing with, 111-117,122,124 of id, 99 inference from presence of, 62 inner, 96, 97,98-99,99-106 intensification of, 66 interpretation of, 8 See also Interpretation management and mastery of, 97, 110-128 personality-fragmentation patterns of, 102-103, 106, 116, 119-120, 126, 127,136,181 preanalytic, 70, 73-74, 76, 99-100 preoedipal, 126-127, 166 preverbal, 196 priorities; in dealing with, 116-117 in psychoneurotic patient, 37-38 quantitative approach to, 62-68, 112 recodification of permissible responses to, 9 recognition of, 93-109, 125 and regression, 116-116 repetitive verbal communications as. See Communications of patient of repression, 98 resolution of, 38-42, 111-112, 126-127, 179-181 scope of, 93-94 secondary gain, 98 of silence, 62, 63, 119, 120-121 status quo, 116, 122 of superego,98-99,162 symptoms as, 101 See also Personality fragmentation patterns of to teamwork, 116,123-124 to analytic progress, 116,123 to termination, 38,116,124-126 treatment-destructive. See Treatment-destructive resistance transference. See Transference resistance understanding of, 93-99 verbal descriptions of, 126 working through of, 42, 127 Resistance analysis, 9 Retraining, 12 Right to resist, 70, 111 Rudimentary relationship. See Treatment relationship
Schizoid mechanisms, 22 Schizophrenia (schizophrenic reaction), 1-12, 13-36 analyzability of (views on) 1-2, 6, 8,16, 17,39 conceptualization of (psychody-namic), 13-36 and defense, 23, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34 diagnosis of, 3-4, 4n, 12, 74-76, 106,132,168,166 early views on phenomenology, 14-18,32 etiology of, 2, 3, 4, 27, 36, 46, 48-49 historical background on treatment of, 1-12 need for individualization of treatment of, 13 nuclear problem in (schizophrenic nucleus), 13, 27-36, 102 optimal conditions for development of, 31 as organized situation, 28 primary factors in, 28 process distinguished from reaction, 25 prognosis, 1-4, 8,12 range of therapies in, 3-5 psychoanalytic formulations on, 16-36 psychoanalytic technique in, 36, 38-42 psychological reversibility of, 1, 3, 8, 10, 12, 14, 24, 27 recovery from, essence of, 206-207 symptomatology of 1-4, 12, 16-18, 99-103, 106, 108, 112, 116, 119-120 working hypothesis on, 8, 13-14, 27-30,36 Schizophrenic associations, 116 Self-analysis, 200 Self-control, 39, 90, 93, 119, 198 Self-love, 17, 20 Self-torture, 201 Sensations, 24, 66, 101, 105, 109, 129, 143, 146 Sensory deprivation, 35, 66, 62, 64-65 Sensory stimulation, 55, 56, 67, 61 Sessions, frequency of, 80-84 Sexual impulses and feelings, 16, 32, 37, 101, 138, 143, 162 Silence, 62, 63, 119, 120-121 of analyst, 61, 64, 178,180 Smoking, 31, 89, 142 Strategic dictator, 79 Studies on Hysteria, 61, 130, 149n, 159, 179 Suicidal urges and thoughts, 106, 136, 146, 163, 169-170, 192-193, 203 Student-analyst, problems of, 17ft 176 See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings Supervision, major concerns in, 172-177 See also Countertransference resistance, Induced feelings Symptomatology. See sub Schizophrenia
Talion principle, 163 Talking. See Communications, Interventions, Verbalization Tardiness, 79, 80, 121 Techniques. See Interventions Telephone calls, 80, 88, 121 Termination, 116, 124-126 Theory of technique. See Modern psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis (method) Therapeutic alliance, 71-73, 132 See also Treatment relationship Toxoid response, 126, 200-201 Transference analysis of, 42, 146, 163, 167 See also Reconstruction behavior in neurodynamic terms, 69 capacity for, 6-7, 16, 132, 133, 137, 141 charging of defense with, 62 continuum in schizophrenia, 140, 143-144, 146-146, 147-148, 150-151 convincing patient of, 131-132 delusional, 139 development of concept, 130-135 dissolution of, 163-164 ego (transference), facilitating, 205 hatred, 23, 38-39, 135, 148, 161-162, 163, 168, 169, 203-204 See also Transference, negative love, 37,169 See also Positive management of, 132-133 negative, 38, 39, 40, 103, 114-115, 130-131, 134,161 object (state of), 7-8, 41-42, 67-68, 109, 126,129,136,140,141-142, 150-151, 200, 203-204 oscillating states of, 135-136, 147-148, 198-199, 203 positive, 37, 39, 41, 132-133, 134-135, 161, 154,158,159,199 psychosis, 137, 138-139, 140 special problems in, 152-163 tempo of development of, 40 See also Narcissistic transference, Transference resistance Transference and Trial Adaptation, 134 Transference cure,58 Transference neuroses, 72, 136, 137, 138 Transference object, 12, 38, 39, 40, 66, 108, 118, 136, 137,145,162, 153,166 ego syntonic, 8, 136, 144-145, 152 Transference psychosis. See sub Transference Transference resistance, 37-38, 40-42, 99, 103-104, 120, 122, 123, 124, 127, 148-153, 183, 195 narcissistic type of, 66, 104, 105-109, 196-198, 202-205 object type of, 104-105, 200-201, 203-204 See also Resistance, Transference, negative Treatment contact. See sub Treatment relationship Treatment -destructive resistance, 112, 115, 116, 119-122, 127 clues to, 120 controlling intensity of, 119, 125-126 disappearance of, 127 nullifying immediate influence of, 115,125-126 Treatment relationship, 69-92, 122, 177 analyst's responsibility for forming therapeutic alliance", 71-73, 77, 92 attitudes of analyst in, 119, 121-122, 177, 178-180 changing goals of patient in, 69, 81 concept of cooperative functioning in, 78, 91-92 contact with patient's family, 90-91, 95, 97 contract, 76-80, 92, 100, 121 alterations in, 85 duration of, 77, 84 early phase of, 78-79 fees and financial transactions in, 80, 84-88 frequency of sessions, 80-84; extra sessions, 80, 83 general attitude toward rules, 80, 82, 89-90, 92 initial interview, 70, 73-76, 100 optimal distance in, 118—119 optimal intensity of, 83, 84 preservation of, 122 See also Treatment-destructive resistance reality concerns in, 96-98 temporary discontinuance of, 86-87 special demands on analyst in, 12, 14, 36, 41-42, 48, 68, 81, 82, 86, 172-175, 177, 179-180, 204 See also Ambulatory treatment
Undifferentiabed feelings. See prefeelings Unlearning, 8
Vacations, 88 Verbal feedmgs on self-demand. See sub Interventions, Contact functioning Verbalization, 60, 78, 149 focus on, 113-114 of preoedipal state, 109 Wayward Youth, 136 Wishes, positive and negative, 117-119 Withdrawal, 17-18, 19, 21-22, 23, 25, 120 king alliance, 71, 72, 91 ring hypothesis. See sub Schizophrenia working through. See sub Resistance World Health Orga, Uion, 4n "Writing cure," 89n СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 1. "Англо-русский словарь" В.К. Мюллер: СПБ, Академический проект, 1997 г. 2. "Словарь современного английского языка" в 2-х томах: Москва; Русский язык, 1992 г. 3. "Англо-русский словарь" под редакцией О.С. Ахмановой и Е.А.М. Уилсон: Москва; Русский язык, 1975 г. 4. "Современный словарь иностранных слов": Москва, Русский язык, 1992 г. 5. "Современный психоанализ" Х. Томэ:, Х. Кэхеле в 2-х томах, пер. с англ., общ. ред. А.В. Казанской: издательская группа "Прогресс литера", издательство агенства "Яхтсмен", Москва, 1996 г. 6. "Словарь по психоанализу" Ж. Лапланш, Ж.-Б. Понталис. Пер. с франц. Н.С. Автономовой: Москва, "Высшая школа", 1996 г. 7. "Критический словарь психоанализа" Ч. Райкрофт. Пер. с англ. Л.В. Топорова и др.: ВЕИП, СПБ, 1995 г. [1] A. A. Brill American Journal of Psychiatry [2] Во втором издании руководства (1968), тем не менее, реактивный период отнесён к "шизофрении''.Ревизия, дополненная включением биологической этиологии и, поэтому, воспринятая как шаг назад многими психиатрами в США, была принята в интересах приведения американской номенклатуры в соответствие с международной классификационной системой, недавно введённой под эгидой ВОЗ. В предисловии ко второму изданию отмечено: "Изменение названия не меняет природу расстройства и не будет мешать продолжающимся дебатам о его природе и причинах". [3] Мой первый доклад по психоаналитическому лечению тяжёлых психиатрических расстройств был опубликован в 1952 г. [80]. Это проистекало из исследовательского проекта, проводимого под эгидой агентства детского руководства, по амбулаторному лечению детей и подростков. Два доклада по проекту появились в 1954 и 1956 гг. [82, 109]. Другие доклады, опубликованные после 1954 г., касались, главным образом, офисного лечения взрослых и подростков, состояния которых диагностировались как шизофрения или Borderline [101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 108, 110]. Случай кататонической шизофрении, который я в своей ранней практике лечил в условиях больницы, был описан ретроспективно (и неформально/ в 1961 г. [104]. [4] В этой книге термин "агрессия" используется как синоним "агрессивных импульсов". [5]Этому переводу с немецкого я обязан р-ру Gustav`у Bychowski [15] [6] Д-р Binswanger впоследствии принял ее в свою клинику, где она была успешно пролечена [7] Используется в значении "развивающиеся" или "растущие" потребности. [8] Может быть отмечено, что затраты ментальной энергии аналитика с односторонней активностью не определяется этой формулировкой. [9] В этой связи кажутся интересными открытия, основанные на контрольном изучении в Национальном Институте Психического Здоровья. В январе 19б8 г. вышло в свет издание Психосоматической Медицины -(томЗО), где Monte Buchsbaum и Julian Silverman представили доказательство, которое имело тенденцию примирить достаточно противоречивые наблюдения, описанные ранее. Их изучение предположило что центральная нервная система шизофренических индивидов, несмотря на гиперсенситивность, обладает механизмом контролирующим интенсивность испытываемой стимуляции. Как результат компенсаторных приспособлений, которая защищает его от стимуляции высокой интенсивности, возрастание интенсивности внешней стимуляции связано с редукцией в испытываемой интенсивности входа. [10] Недавно я заручился помощью ответственного члена семьи пациента в его обучении, либо перед началом лечения, либо в его рудиментарной стадии, ложиться на кушетку дома и говорить в течение 50 минут. Родственник был проинструктирован внимательно слушать пока пациент говорит и только вставлять короткий вопрос или два, о внешней реальности, когда он молчит. Он обнаружил что такая аналитическая процедура облегчает некоторым пациентам с тяжёлыми расстройствами лечение на аналитической кушетке. [11] Письмо может содержать не более одного или двух листов, на которых пациент может спонтанно написать некоторые мысли и чувства, которые пришли к нему после лечебной сессии. Такая практика рекомендуется. Благоприятная возможность продолжить цепочку ассоциаций с помощью письменного инструмента является тем, от чего некоторые шизофренические пациенты получают огромную терапевтическую пользу. "Записывание моих идей открывает мне такие мысли и чувства, которые не приходят ко мне когда я нахожусь на кушетке", как сказала одна женщина. Могут неожиданно обнаружиться новые поля психологического смысла. "Лечебное письмо" часто содержит продуктивное продолжение ассоциаций к мыслям, уже вербализованным в сессиях. На письма таких пациентов, которые находят это письмо лечебным механизмом, обычно отвечают, вербально или в письменной форме, некоторыми комментариями или вопросами. [12] Federn [22] и Edoardo Weiss также предпочитали термин "эготизация", но концептуализировали процесс иначе. Weiss сформулировал интересную концепцию" эго-пассажа"[115]. [13] Допущение, в том смысле, что лечебная способность зависит от диагноза меньше, чем от способности аналитика работать эффективно с индивидуальным пациентом. [14] Зачаток этой идеи можно найти в первой главе "Исследований Истерии": "Психический процесс, который изначально имел мест, моет быть повторен настолько живо, насколько имел возможно; он должен быть приведен обратно к его status nascendi и затем произнесён вербально [48]. Я думаю что Брейер и Фрейд подразумевали зрелый уровень перцепции и языка. [15]Спустя годы, интерес к эфтаназии был скрыт большим количеством желаний совершить убийство пациента. [16] Например, как парадоксальная интенция в технике логотерапии Victor`a Francel`a [25] [17] Eissler указывал, что эффект такого повторения может быть приравнен к интерпретации [20] [18] Повторение угроз служит для того, чтобы смягчить чувство вины пациента за них [19] Более полно диалог описан в другом месте [81] [20] Если он выражает симпатию, интервенция безуспешна. [21] Эти интервенции незаметно переходят в парадигматические подходы, описанные Marie Coleman Nelson [83] [22] Пациент может сообщать о новом или усилившемся интересе к одежде и общественным приличиям в этот период. Некоторые индивиды записываются на различные курсы умений или присоединяются к любителям драматических или танцевальных групп; другие постоянно читают книги по этикету. * S. E. In subsequent references denotes the Standart Edition? Vols. 1-23, 1953-1966 Дата добавления: 2015-09-27 | Просмотры: 512 | Нарушение авторских прав |