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Text F. Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1563) is one of the greatest anatomists. He studied medicine in France. In 1537 he got the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1538 his first scientific works in Anatomy were published. In 1543 his most important book "On the Structure of the Human Body" was written.

His work "On the Structure of the Human Body" consists of seven books. The bones of the skeleton, the joints and cartilsges were described in the first book; the muscles — in the second; the vessels — in the third; the nerves — in the fourth; the alimentary tract — in the fifth; the heart and the respiratory system — in the sixth; the brain — in the seventh.

In all his researches Vesalius studied the anatomy of the human body on corpses. He studied the structure of the inner organs of the human body taking into consideration¹ their functions. Vesalius was the first scientist to give a propef description of the human skeleton. He also determined that the right and the left ventricles' of the heart were not connected. He determined that there were no opening in the septum between the left and the right heart chambers. It was a great discovery. Before Vesalius all the scientists considered that the left and the right heart chambers were connected by the opening in the septum. His discovery opened the way to the discovery of the pulmonary and systemic blood circulations in future. Vesalius did much to establish new and exact anatomical terms.

The great Russian scientist Pavlov said that the works written by Vesalius composed the first anatomy of the human body in which everything was based on scientific research work.

Note

1. to take into consideration — принимать во внимание

LESSON 16

Revision

I. Повторите правила чтения, способы словообразования, грам­матические правила, лексический и текстовой материал цикла II (Уроки 9—15).

II. Прочтите следующие слова:

thigh, facial, moist, auricle, found, find, poison, nausea, auscultation

III. Найдите суффиксы и префиксы в следующих словах и переведите эти слова:

respiratory, impossible, language, subserous, cartilage, irregular, connective, constructive, subclass, alimentary, venous

IV. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. По какой формуле образуется страдательный залог? 2. Как переводятся глаголы в страдательном залоге? 3. Как образуется Past Participle? Чем может являться Past Participle в предложении и как переводится? 4. Какие функции может выполнять Present Participle в предложении и как переводится? 5. Чем могут быть заменены имена существительные во избежание их повторения? 6. Как переводится инфинитив в функции: а) определения, б) обстоятельства цели?

V. Распределите слова на две графы:

parts of the vascular system parts of the alimentary tract

ileum, heart, vessel, anus, jejunum, artery, duodenum, tongue, vein, pharynx, stomach, capillary, esophagus, intestine, aorta, rectum, oral cavity, salivary glands, mouth, caecum, colon, teeth

VI. 1. Напишите слова, которые будут вам нужны для описания а) сердечно-сосудистой системы, б) легких, в) костей, г) мышц, д) пищеварительного тракта. 2. Используйте эти слова для работы в аудитории.

VIII. Поставьте данные в скобках глаголы в форме Past Participle (письменно):

1. The blood (to carry) to the liver passes through the portal vein. 2. The articles (to publish) were written by a young surgeon. 3. The (to receive) findings helped the surgeon to perform the operation. 4. Many small lobules (to connect) by connective tissue and bands of vessels and nerves form the liver.

IX. Переведите предложения и определите функции Present Participle:

1. The doctor determined the size (размер) of the liver palpating it. 2. The blood passing through the portal vein is carried to the liver. 3. Making the medical examination of the patient the doctor considered that his condition was normal.

X. Переведите следующие предложения, определите функции инфинитива:

1. The doctor changed the treatment to restore the patient's health as rapidly as possible. 2. Andreas Vesalius was the first anatomist to describe the structure of the human organs in connection with their functions. 3. To determine the borders of the heart is not an easy matter for a medical student.

XI. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам (письменно):

1. The motive (двигательный) function of the upper extremity was restored after the course of proper treatment. 2. This patient's temperature will be taken every two hours. 3. About 130 scientific works were written by Lesgaft. 4. The large intestine is divided into caecum, colon and rectum. S. The atrium and the ventricle of the right heart chamber are connected by the tricuspid valve.

XII. Прочтите и переведите Текст А, пользуясь словарем. Скажите, с какими системами внутренних вы познакомились.

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