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Lecture No. 4

1. Theme: Molecular and genetic mechanisms of a regulation of a cellular cycle

2. Purpose: to create at students modern knowledge of molecular and genetic mechanisms of a regulation and control of a mitotic cycle.

3. Theses of lectures:

3.1. Cellular cycle, definition, periods.

3.2. Mitotic cycle, periods and their characteristic.

3.3. A genetic regulation of the processes providing a cellular cycle.

3.4. Genetic control of the processes providing a cellular cycle (control points – check-points).

The period of existence of a cell is called as a cellular cycle from the moment of its emergence by division of a maternal cell before repeated division or death.

The cellular cycle consists of the 3rd periods:

1. Mitotic cycle.

2. Period of performance by a cell of a certain function.

3. Dormant period.

The mitotic cycle consists of the 4th phases:

1. Mitosis.

2. Post-mitotic period (G1).

3. Synthetic period (S).

4. Post-synthetic period (G2).

The periods of G1, G2, and S unite in an interphase, being characterized activity of genes. In a mitosis genes are in an inactive condition.

The cellular (mitotic) cycle is regulated by many genes. The key role is played by the genes synthesizing cycline and cycline dependent kinases.

Products of activity of these genes form complex a cycline + cycline dependent kinase in which cycline is the active center, and a cycline dependent kinase – the catalytic center. Each of the periods of a mitotic cycle is regulated by specific complex C+CDK.

Control of correctness of passing of a mitotic cycle is carried out in 4 points (cheek - point) in G1, G2, S – the periods of an interphase and a mitosis metaphase.

The introduction of a cell in a mitosis or its stopping is regulated also by the genes stimulating or suppressing division of a cell.

4. Illustrative material: multimedia lecture No. 4.

5. Literature:

The main:

5.1. Genetics. Under the editorship of Ivanov V. I. M, 2006.

5.2. Ginter E. K. Medical genetics. M, 2003.

5.3. Zhimulev I.F. General and molecular genetics.Novosibirsk, 2007.

5.4. Muminov T.A., Kuandykov E.U. Bases of molecular biology (course of lectures). Almaty, 2007.

5.5. Mushkambarov N. N., Kuznetsov S. L. Molecular biology. M, 2003.

6. Control questions (feedback):

6.1. Characteristic of a cellular cycle.

6.2. Characteristic of a mitotic cycle.

6.3. Regulatory mechanisms of a mitotic cycle.

6.4. Supervising mechanisms of a cellular cycle.

6.5. Value of a proliferation of cells in medicine.

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