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DESCRIPTION OF A SHIP

There are many kinds of ships: sailing ships, steamships, motor ships, turbine-driven ships, diesel-electric ships and atomic ships. We usually recognize the ships according to the engines installed on them.

The main part of a ship is the hull. The end of the vessel that enters the water is called the bow and the other end is the stern. The lowermost part of the hull is called the bottom The part topping the hull is called - the deck.

As the ship moves ahead when looking in the direction of her motion, that side of the ship to the right hand is called the starboard side and that to the left is the port-side. As the ship cannot sail without refueling she must carry enough coal or other fuel to propel her for required distance. A double bottom is usually used for storing water and fuel oil. All ships must have sleeping accommodations for their crews, a system of lighting and ventilation. Since the task of passenger ships is carrying passengers, special cabins, dinning saloons, galleys are necessary for passenger ships. Vessels designed carrying cargo must have large holds and cargo handling facilities for loading and unloading cargo. In case of a special type of cargo such as fruits, meat and other perishable goods, special refrigerating holds are made for stowing it.

All ships have means for anchoring and mooring, lifeboats and means for hoisting and lowering them. The topside structure built about amidships is called the navigating bridge. Every ship is fitted with modern navigational aids. The
instruments and equipment employed in navigating are placed in the wheel-house and the chart-room which are located on the navigating bridge.

To provide the safety of navigation and human life at sea ships are also fitted with radio. The radio-room is usually placed on the navigating bridge deck near the chart-room. It is used for the installation of the shipboard radio equipment. Every ship has the ship's machinery. The machinery is housed in the engine-room.

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