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THE EDITORIAL

As has been stated, editorials, like some other types of newspaper articles, are an intermediate phenomenon bearing the stamp of both the newspaper style and the publicistic style.

The function of the editorial is to influence the reader by giving an interpretation of certain facts. Editorials comment on the political and other events of the day. Their purpose is to give the editor's opinion and interpretation of the news published and suggest to the reader that it is the correct one. Like any publicistic writing, editorials appeal not only to the reader's mind but to his feelings as well. Hence, the use of emotionally-coloured language elements, both lexical and structural. Here are examples:

"The long - suffering British housewife needs a bottomless purse to cope with this scale of inflation." ( DailyMirror )

"But since they came into power thetrend has been up, up, up and thepace seems tobeaccelerating ." ( DailyMail )

In addition to vocabulary typical of brief news items, writers of editorials make an extensive use of emotionally-coloured vocabulary. Alongside political words and expressions, terms, cliches and abbreviations one can find colloquial words and expressions, slang, and professionalisms. The language of editorial articles is characterized by a combination of different strata of vocabulary, which enhances the emotional effect, for example:

"...But most British people applaud the protesters. And they are sickened at the spectacle of F. O. sycophants bellycrawling to the burgomaster of a city whose administration is stiff with ex-nazi officials.

" 'But that's the F. O. all over. Give them a juicy specimen of some foreign reactionary outfit and they'll slobber all over him. The more reactionary the bigger the slob." ( DailyWorker )

Emotional colouring in editorial articles is also achieved with the help of various stylistic devices, both lexical and syntactical, the use of which is largely traditional. Editorials abound in trite stylistic means, especially metaphors and epithets, e.g., internationalclimate, apriceexplosion, apricespiral, aspectacularsight, anoutrageousact, brutalrule, anastoundingstatement, crazypolicies. Traditional periphrases are also very common in newspaper editorials, such as WallStreet (American financial circles), DowningStreet (the British Government), FleetStreet (the London press), theGreatPowers (the five or six biggest and strongest states), thethirdworld (states other than socialist or capitalist), and so on.

But genuine stylistic means are also frequently used, which helps the writer of the editorial to bring his idea home to the reader through the associations that genuine imagery arouses. Practically any stylistic device may be found in editorial writing, and when aptly used, such devices prove to be a powerful means of appraisal, of expressing a personal attitude to the matter in hand, of exercising the necessary emotional effect on the reader. Note the following examples:

"So if the result of the visit is theburyingofthecoldwar, the only mourners will be people like Adenauer and the arms manufacturers who profit from it. The ordinary people willdanceonthegrave ." ( DailyWorker )

"Nor would Mr. Maudling, not having begotten "Neddy" himself, be necessarily keen onkeepingitinexistence after thelifehadgoneoutofit ." ( TheGuardian )

The stylistic effect of these sustained metaphors is essentially satirical. A similar effect is frequently achieved by the use of irony, the breaking-up of set expressions, the stylistic use of word-building, by using allusions, etc. Two types of allusions can be distinguished in newspaper article writing: a. allusions to political and other facts of the day which are indispensable and have no stylistic value, and b. historical, literary and biblical allusions which are often used to create a specific stylistic effect, largely — satirical. The emotional force of expression in the editorial is often enhanced by the use of various syntactical stylistic devices. Some editorials abound in parallel constructions, various types of repetition, rhetorical questions and other syntactical stylistic means.

Yet, the role of expressive language means and stylistic devices in the editorial should not be overestimated. They stand out against the essentially neutral background. And whatever stylistic devices one comes across in editorials, they are for the most part trite. Broadly speaking, tradition reigns supreme in the language of the newspaper. Original forms of expression and fresh genuine stylistic means are comparatively rare in newspaper articles, editorials included.

However, although editorials as a specific genre of newspaper writing have common distinguishing features, the editorials in different papers vary in degree of emotional colouring and stylistic originality of expression. While these qualities are typical enough of the "popular" newspapers (those with large circulations), such as the DailyMirror and the DailyMail, the so-called "quality papers", as TheTimes and TheGuardian, make rather a sparing use of the expressive and stylistic means of the language. Whatever stylistic "gems" one may encounter in the newspaper, they cannot obscure the essentially traditional mode of expression characteristic of newspaper English.

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