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HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus is the most inferior portion of the diencephalons and contains several small nuclei and nerve tracts. The hypothalamus is very important in a number of functions, all of which have emotional and mood relationships:
| Function
| Description
| | Autonomic
| Helps control heart rate, urine release from the bladder, movement of food through the digestive tract.
| | Endocrine
| Helps regulate pituitary gland secretions and influences metabolism, ion balance, and sexual development.
| | Muscle control
| Controls muscles involved in swallowing and stimulates shivering in several muscles.
| | Temperature regulation
| Promotes heat loss when the hypothalamic temperature increases by increasing sweat production and promotes heat production when the hypothalamic temperature decreases by promoting shivering.
| | Regulation of food and water intake
| Hunger center promotes eating and satiety center inhibits eating; thirst center promotes water intake.
| | Emotions
| Large range of emotional influences over body functions; directly involved in stress-related and psychosomatic illnesses and with feelings of fear and rage.
| | Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle
| Coordinates responses to the sleep-wake cycle with other areas of the brain.
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Ex. 21. Divide the following text into logical parts and entitle them:
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