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Exercise 9. Read the text and say whether the following statements are true to the text.1. When a stone enters and obstructs the ureter, renal colic does not occur. 2. Intermittent or persistent obstruction to the flow of urine leads to stasis, infection, hydronephrosis and renal destruction. 3. Calcium oxalate stones usually are small, white, rough and not hard. 4. The pain in case of calculi originates in the back or flank and radiates across the abdomen and into the groin. 5. There may be only nausea and vomiting in calculi. 6. A mild infection develops in the cortex of the kidney. 7. Migration of a stone may cause obstruction.
Exercise 10. Give the English equivalents: Повна втрата, випадок, дрібна галька, повторна закупорка, нестерпний біль, болючисть, ниркова різь, клінічні проявлення,, часте сечовипускання, ниркове руйнування, обстеження нирок, течия сечі, блювання, потіння, стегно, застій, поступово, сечовід, пах, черевні м’язи.
Exercise 11. Find antonyms to the following words: 1. acute hard 2. destruction to be absent 3. bilateral to regress 4. microscopic formation 5. soft lateral 6. to progress severe 7.to be present macroscopic
Exercise 12. Make the following sentences interrogative: 1. The manifestations of renal calculi are extremely variable. 2. In many instances stones are carried in the kidneys for years. 3. Persistent or repeated obstruction leads to pyonephrosis or hydronephrosis. 4. Calcium oxalate stones usually are small, dark, rough and hard. 5. Migration of a stone may cause obstruction with resultant stasis. 6. The excruciating pain originates in the back of flank. 7. A mild infection develops in the pelvis. Exercise 13. Read the definition and fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets: 1. Any non-inflammatory degenerative kidney disease - ….. 2. Pain in a kidney - …. 3. A medical instrument for examination the urethra - …. 4. Inflammation of the urethra - …. 5. Surgical removal of a kidney - …. 6. Plastic surgery on the pelvis - …. 7. Any pelvis disease - …. (Pyeloplasty, nephrosis, urethritis, nephralgia, urethroscope, pyelitis, nephrectomy)
Exercise 14. Insert modal verbs:
1. If the stone is large, the infection …. progress to pyonephrosis. 2. You … check up your kidneys. Your urinalysis is not good. 3. Examination of the kidneys … reveal slight soreness over the involved kidney. 4. If the obstruction to the flow of urine is bilateral, anuria and uremia … occur. 5. You … be hospitalized immediately because of renal colic. 6. … I take your temperature? 7. You … go for a walk every day to improve your health after uretoplasty.
Exercise 15. Explain the following terms in English:
a) pyelonephritis b) haematuria c) urine d) albuminuria
Exercise 16. Read and try to guess what this dialogue is about:
Doctor: Are you having any trouble with your waterworks? Mr. Jones: Well, I do seem to have to go to the toilet more often that I used to. Doctor: How often is that? Mr. Jones: It depends, but sometimes it’s every hour or even more often. Doctor: What about at night? Do you have to get up at night? Mr. Jones: Yes. Nearly always two or three times. Doctor: Do you get any burning or pain when you pass water? Mr. Jones: No, not usually. Doctor Do you have any trouble getting started? Mr. Jones: No. Doctor: Is the stream normal? I mean is there still a good strong flow? Mr. Jones: Perhaps not quite so good as it used to be. Doctor: Do you ever lose control of your bladder? Any leaking or dribbling? Mr. Jones: Well, perhaps a little dribbling from time to time. Doctor: Have you ever passed blood in the urine? Mr. Jones: No, never.
TEST 1. The manifestation of renal calculi are... a) rare b) frequent c) constant d) variable e) unchangeable
2. In many instances stones are carried in the kidneys for... a) hours b) days c) years d) weeks e) several minutes
3. More commonly, a mild infection develops in the pelvis about the stone and involves... of the kidney. a) nephron b) body c) cortex d) artery e) medulla
4. The infection may progress to... a) cancer b) pyonephrosis c) nephritis d) pyelonephritis e) glomerulonephritis
5. Calcium oxalate stones usually are... a) small and hard b) large and soft c) irregular d) enormous e) tiny
6. Migration of a stone may cause... with resultant stasis, infection and clinical manifestations. a) destruction b) inflammation c) necrosis d) cyanosis e) obstruction
7. When a stone enters and obstructs the ureter,... occurs. a) inflammation b) renal colic c) necrosis d) pain e) nephritis
8. Persistent or repeated obstruction leads to.... a) nephritis b) pyelonephritis c) glomeronephritis d) pyonephrosis e) acute inflammation.
9. Examination reveals... over the involved kidney and ureter. a) acute pain b) severe inflammation c) slight soreness d) calculus e) no pain
10. Anuria and uremia ensue if the obstruction is.... a) lateral b) bilateral c) partial d) complete e) long-term
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