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Match the words with the opposite meaning.

4. Divide the words into four columns according to their part of speech (verb, noun, adjective, adverb).

stabilize, stabilizer, stabilization; representation, representable; reliability, reliably; predictable, prediction; discontinuous, discontinuity; blacken, blackness; careful, careless.

5. Put in the missing words, using the words from the table above:

1. Don't forget to switch the … off when you go out. 2. The moon is a … of the Earth. 3. One … of the transistor is that it is small and light, permitting miniatuarization of electronic equipment. 4. A disadvantage of transistors is their … to heat. 5. Solar panels are used for … energy from the sun. 6. Now we shall discuss the … principles of absorption and emission measurements. 7. The article made no … to previous research on the subject. 8. The classroom is … in shape. 9. A semiconductor diode conducts current in only one direction, but the physical …, which permit it to do this, are quite different. 10. Diode is a device that … current to flow through it in only one direction. 11. What is the … of the experiment?

6. Choose the appropriate English equivalents.

A. 1. single-circuit; 2. single-layer; 3. single-range; 4. single-phase; 5. single-valued; 6. single-signal

1. однозначный; 2. однодиапазонный; 3. однослойный;

4. односигнальный; 5. одноконтурный; 6. однофазный

B. 1. two-levelled; 2. two-part; 3. two-phase;

4. two-region; 5. two-unit; 6. two-component

1. двухзональный; 2. двухкомпонентный; 3. двухблочный;

4. двухъярусный; 5. двухфазный; 6. состоящий из двух частей.

C. 1. program size; 2. line size; 3. heat utilization; 4. land utilization; 5. resonance shape; 6. first shape

1. первоначальная форма; 2. резонансная форма; 3. размер строки; 4. землеиспользование; 5. размер программы; 6. использование тепла

7. Read and translate word-combinations starting from the first component:

8. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Infinitive.

1. Our task is to study well.

2. The idea to use this substance is not new.

3. He described the device to be used in all modern systems.

4. The apparatus to be assembled is very complicated.

5. To translate the text without a dictionary is difficult.

6. To make the experiment you must improve the device.

7. The engineer wanted to be sent to the conference.

8. Lodygin was the first to invent the electric lamp.

9. In order to solve these problems, scientists must make many experiments.

10. To carry out this research work requires special knowledge.

9. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Infinitive.

1. We shall consider a very simple example in order to explain this phenomenon.

2. Computer science is to be regarded as a new discipline.

3. It is quite necessary for him to make a great number of calculations to solve the problem.

4. We know silver to be the best of conducting material.

5. Michael Faraday had little chance to get an education.

6. An attempt to form a theory of such systems was made by Professor W.

7. We expect the article to be published next year.

8. I believe him to have changed his plans.

9. Radio and television continue to develop and to find wider application in science and industry.

10. I saw the workers repair the machine.

11. The fastest way to detect an artificial satellite is by radio.

12. We watched the robot perform many operations.

13. We are to study the main laws of physics.

14. An electronic machine has to be used to make these calculations.

10. These two sentences have a different structure but the same meaning. Change the structure of the sentences below so as to keep their meaning unchanged.

For example: It is very important to make a strong joint.

To make a strong joint is very important.

1. It is impossible to store gas in an open tank.

2. It is necessary to put on protective clothing.

3. It is important to provide a powerful electric current.

4. It is really difficult to follow these instructions.

5. It is very essential to provide a hot enough flame.

6. It is unnecessary to mix these substances.

7. It is quite necessary to make metal electrodes.

8. It is not difficult to adjust the welding flame.

9. It is essential to follow the safety rules.

10. It is very important to improve the quality of welding.

11. It was easy for our mechanic to repair this device.

11. Translate the following. Remember that the Complex Subject (the subjective infinitive construction) is translated into Russian with the help of a non-personal main clause followed by an object clause followed by an object clause beginning with the word что.

12.Choose the appropriate equivalents.

A. 1. to cause acceleration…; 2. to observe this phenomenon…; 3. to obtain this compound…; 4. to install the equipment…; 5. to continue the process…; 6. to introduce the invention…

a. (для того), чтобы получить это соединение…; b. (для того), чтобы продолжить процесс…; c. (для того), чтобы установить оборудование…; d. (для того), чтобы внедрить изобретение…; e. (для того), чтобы вызвать ускорение…; f. (для того), чтобы наблюдать это явление…

B. 1. для того, чтобы исправить…; 2. для того, чтобы измерить…; 3. для того, чтобы войти…;

4. для того, чтобы провести (опыт)…; 5. для того, чтобы установить…; 6. для того, чтобы уничтожить…; 7. для того, чтобы определить…

a. to enter...; b. to set up…; c. to correct…; d. to carry out…; e. to measure …; f. to determine…; g. to eliminate…

C. 1. the connections to be made; 2. the crystal to be processed; 3. the instruments to be installed; 4. the diodes to be mounted; 5. the task to be solved; 6. the hardware to be tested

a. приборы, которые надо установить; b. задача, которую надо решить; c. диоды, которые надо вмонтировать; d. соединения, которые надо сделать; e. аппаратура, которую надо испытать; f. кристалл, который надо обрабатывать.

13. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive.

1. One method of generating free electrons is to expose certain materials to light.

2. One of the main functions of a television receiver is to amplify the extremely weak signal voltages.

3. Scientists and engineers are to develop some new methods of production based on waste-free (безотходный) use of matter and energy.

4. The function of diodes is to change AC to pulsating DC.

5. To flow through an electric field, electrons must be freed from their atoms.

6. The tetrode was developed in order to overcome a particular shortcoming (недостаток) of triodes.

7. In order to obtain high amplification of voltage, a load resistor must be used.

8. Another use for a diode is to maintain a special voltage level for a signal.

9. A diode circuit used to pas one half of a signal is a detector.

10. You will learn how to use a tube manual (справочник) to obtain information about vacuum tubes.

Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Complex Subject. Remember that you should always begin translating sentences with the Complex Subject from the predicate rendering it as a non-personal main clause with the word что.

1. These elements are known to have been found two decades ago.

2. Semiconductors are shown to be good detectors of radio waves.

3. Metal is known to conduct electricity.

4. Electrical charge are known to be positive and negative.

5. This engineer appears to have presented some interesting data.

6. The problem of new generators is likely to be one of the most essential.

7. This method of switching is sure to be cheaper.

8. All the details of the plan are supposed to have been explained to you.

9. The chemist is expected to obtain a new substance.

10. They are considered to carry out their research in time.

11. The origin of the word ‘robot’ is said to have appeared first in a play of a Czech playwright, Karel Capec.

12. Four atomic power stations are assumed to be built for experimental purposes.

13. The improvement of the technological processes is supposed to ensure lower cost of power.

14. Long transmission lines are known to be necessary for the transfer of electric energy over long distances.

15. Some types of reactors are known to produce more nuclear fuel during their operation than they consume.

15. Choose the correct translation for the underlined part of the sentence.

1. The scientists are said to be developing solar thermal heating systems nowadays. (a. разработали; b. разрабатывают)

2. They seem to have improved previous results.(a. улучшают; b. улучшили)

3. An experimental solar heating systems proves to have been built in this region. (a. строится; b. была построена)

4. Our total solar energy consumption is estimated to be increasing.

(a. увеличивается; b. увеличится)

5. The research is reported to have been carried out successfully. (a. было проведено; b. будет проведено)

6. The sufficient amount of electricity is likely to be generated by a small windmill. (a. вырабатывается; b. вырабатывает)

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