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Growth Discrepancies

*All of this maternal factors are associated with IUGR:

.Poor nutrition with anemia

.Heavy smoking

.Toxemia

.Alcohol consumption

*With fetal macrosomia all of the following complications are increased:

.Fetal asphyxia

.Brachial plexus injury

.Post partum hemorrhage

.Neonatal hypoglycemia

*Cause polyhydramnios:

.Diabetes mellitus

.Multiple pregnancy

.Anencephalic fetus

.Fetal esophageal atresia

*Polyhydramnios could be associated with:

.Esophageal atresia

.Anencephaly

.Duodenal atresia

.Illeal atresia

* All this anomalies are associated with severe maternal oligohydramnios:

.Potter's syndrome

.Dysplastic kidneys

.Pulmonary hypoplasia

.Musculoskeletal abnormalities

.Renal agenesis

.Urethral atresia

.Amnion nodosum

Pelvis

*Types of pelvis is:

.Anthropoid pelvis

.Android pelvis

.Platypelloid pelvis

.Gynecoid pelvis (M.C in young women)

.Rachitic pelvis

*The posterior fontanel is defined (The area lies between the sagittal suture and the lambdoid suture)

*The longest anterio-posterior diameter of the fetal head is (Mento-vertical diameter)

*The most like measurement of the BPD (biparietal diameter) of the head is (9.5 cm)

*Engagement of the fetal head refers to the relationship between (Biparietal diameter and pelvic brim)

*In primigravida at full-term in labor, the most common position of the head is LOA (left occiput anterior)

*Cephalohematoma is most commonly found over the Parietal bone

*This is absolute indication for cesarean section (Brow presentation)

*The most common cause of breech presentation is Prematurity

* Breech presentation is associated with:

.Prematurity

.Polyhydramnios

.Oligohydramnios

.Hydrocephaly

*Breech presentation diagnosed-is best managed by (External cephalic version)

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