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V. Дайте такі тези англійською мовою.

Diabetes occurs when the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent) is caused by a sharp decrease in the number (P-cells in the islands of Langerhans. The plasma is very low insulin levels. As a result of impaired metabolism in patients developing ketoacidosis. The disease often develops at a young age (juvenile diabetes mellitus), often to thirty years. Patients identified communication of the disease with some histocompatibility antigens. also found that this type of diabetes often develops in people with mutations in 57 positions DQp gene and the presence of antigen DQw8. In addition, the patient people with diabetes 20% of the first generation offspring will also suffer from this disease.

The etiology of diabetes mellitus type II (insulin-independent) are less studied. Established the following factors that influence its development: 1) violation of insulin secretion. Basal insulin secretion in patients is usually not affected, but it quickly secretion after meals drastically reduced. In most cases this type of diabetes develops in adults and the elderly. Susceptibility to this disease is due to abnormalities in several genes, and hereditary disease transmitted 50% of the offspring. 2) resistance of cells to insulin. Often insulin resistance found in obesity and pregnancy. In some cases, insulin resistance may be due to decrease in the number of receptors on the cell membrane, a violation of the structure of receptors, defects in the mechanism of signal transmission from receptors in the cell. Sometimes the treatment of diabetes type I insulin develop "insulin resistance" through the synthesis of antibodies against insulin cows and pigs.

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