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Solutions

The speakers acknowledged that effective solutions would be difficult without shifts in government policy. Greater participation in international campaigns and treaties was one example, due to the worldwide threat counterfeiting poses.

"The problem is also that our regulation does not correspond to international regulation," Kolesnikov said. "We are the initiators of a lot of good programs, in particular Medicrime [a treaty based in the Council of Europe] - it was, at base, created on Russia's initiative. It was first discussed here and was signed here. But extending to ratification, it's understood that there are lobbyists for whom regulation in this area is not profitable."

Technology is also a tool that has not been fully exploited, said Aslanbek Aslakhanov, president of ARPO.

"There are inventions that protect against fake goods," Aslakhanov said. "We need to work so that medicines are also protected, using nanotechnology... In this direction, we will conduct a competition for inventions among young people every year."

Maximov and Kolesnikov agreed, however, that for the time being, consumers would have to arm themselves: consulting their doctors and accepting the cost should they opt for a more expensive brand-name medication rather than a generic. Price is one of the indicators of possible fraudulent production.

In addition, Kolesnikov said, Internet sales and smaller kiosk pharmacies should be avoided in favor of larger stores with better storage facilities and inventory management.

"The Internet trade in medicines is one of the basic black markets," he said. "More than 50 percent - by international estimates, not even by ours - of medicines in online trading are either poor quality or fake. Therefore they are significantly cheaper, and no one should buy them there, above all."

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