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Diseases of the Central Nervous System. The resulting symptoms, which may be unilateral or bilateral, are dependent of the specific areas of pressure

Part II

The resulting symptoms, which may be unilateral or bilateral, are dependent of the specific areas of pressure, de generation. For example, when an astrocytoma¹ was found in the cervical spinal cord of a five-year-old cow, the symptoms were rigidity of the neck and progressive atrophy of the musculature of the thoracic limbs.

The effect of an intracranial tumour is identical with that of any space-occupying lesion in the cranial cavity, such as an abscess, parasite, blood clot or fractured cranial bone. A relatively small tumour may cause severe symptoms if it presses on or invades a vital area in the brain. On the contrary, a large tumour may not give rise to detectable symptoms in cattle, thus presenting difficulty in diagnosis. In cattle showing symptoms of an intracranial lesion, the absence of fever, and an increased protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid, without an accompanying increase in cells, leads to suspect a brain tumour.

¹ astrocytoma - астроцитома

UNIT 5
SUNSTROKE

Герундий

	Active	Passive
INDEFINITE (simple)	writing asking	being	written   asked	простые формы (одновременность или будущее)
PERFECT	having	written   asked	having been	written   asked	перфектные формы (предшествование)

I

Упр. 1. Прочтите формы герундия из таблицы и укажите названия этих форм.

Упр. 2. Образуйте от следующих глаголов формы герундия.

Model: to treat

Indefinite Active (IA) – treating

Indefinite Passive (IP) – being treated

Perfect Active (PA) – having treated

Perfect Passive (PP) – having been treated

To show, to take, to work, to tell, to operate, to start, to examine.

Упр. 3. Прочтите и переведите. Данные предложения содержат герундий в функции подлежащего и дополнения (см. стр. 139-145).

1) Drying reduced the number of protozoa.

2) Chewing is difficult at first and swallowing is slow.

3) He reported having observed a new phenomenon.

4) The researcher is interested in observing the various stages of living cell.

Упр. 4. Прочтите и переведите. Данные предложения содержат герундий в функции обстоятельства времени и образа действия.

1) Before being released for use the vaccines are tested for safety.

2) Minks (норки) die within a few days after eating meat from an anthrax-infected animal.

3) On having performed the operation the surgeon carry out all the procedures preventing the infection.

4) A diagnosis often can be made by observing affected animals.

5) The animals died without showing the symptoms of any disease.

Обратите внимание на предлоги, с которыми употребляется герундий в функции обстоятельства (см. стр. 142,145).

Обстоятельства времени: after, on – после, по

in – при

Обстоятельство образа действия: without – без

by – при, посредством

Упр. 5. Прочтите и переведите. Данные предложения содержат герундий в функции определения.

1) The art of treating disease is a sold as the history of man.

2) Killed-virus vaccine has the important advantage of not producing active disease.

Обратите внимание на то, что герундий в функции определения употребляется с предлогом of.

Упр. 6. Прочтите и переведите. Данные предложения содержат герундий, входящий в составное именное или глагольное сказуемое.

1) The task of veterinarian is treating animals.

2) They started carrying out the test.

3) The aim of his research work is developing a new vaccine.

Упр. 7. Прочтите и переведите. Укажите функцию герундия.

Упр. 8. Переведите, обращая внимание на герундиальный оборот (правила перевода см. §140,стр. 140).

1) The initial diagnosis must be made before the patient’s being directed to the inpatient department (стационар).

2) We know of his having entered the Academy.

II

Упр. 9. Прочтите, переведите, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1) This cow is lame (хромая) because it injured its leg.
to injure – повредить

2) The process of calf's birth is called calving.
to calve – отелиться

3) After the examination the veterinarian diagnosed the disease. The test of blood confirmed the diagnosis.
to confirm – подтверждать

4) When a cow is ill it gives less milk. The amount of milk depends upon the health of a cow.
to depend upon – зависеть от

5) Smoking is a threat to your health.
threat – угроза

6) The movement of blood starts from the heart.
movement – движение

7) When a wound is bleeding the process is called hemorrhage.
hemorrhage – кровотечение

8) One of the symptoms of rabies is restlessness. The rabid animal voves from one place to another and cannot stay still.
restlessness – беспокойство

9) Urine is a yellowish fluid produced by the kidneys.
urine – моча

10) The urine is collected in the bladder.
bladder – мочевой пузырь

11) If an organism is weak it can contract a disease.
weak – слабый

12) When microorganisms get into a wound they cause an inflammation.
inflammation – воспаление

13) Presence of a nurse near the patient is necessary.
presence – присутствие

14) During the first month of life the calves are especially susceptible to diseases.
susceptible – восприимчивый

15) Brain and heart are the most vital organs.
vital – жизненный, насущный

16) Rupture of abdomen leads to hernia.
rupture – разрыв

17) The horns are on the head of the animals.
head – голова

18) Blood in the veins moves slowly.
slowly – медленно

19) Skull protects brain from injury.
injury – повреждение

Упр. 10. Прочтите слова и определите их значение по сходству с русскими эквивалентами.

Spasm, paralysis, apoplectic, progressive, normal.

Упр. 11. Прочтите, переведите, обращая внимание на словообразовательные суффиксы.

Nouns

-ment: treatment, excitement, involvement

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