Inflammation in the Periodontal Lesion
a) Study the picture and the table and answer the questions:
1) What anatomical structures support the teeth?
2) How many stages of periodontal lesion do you know?
3) What changes is the initial lesion stage characterized by?
4) What are the clinical changes of the acute gingivitis stage?
5) How can you recognise transition from gingivitis to periodontitis?
Stages
| Time
| Clinical changes
| Histological changes
| I. Initial lesion
- initial response of tissue to bacterial plaque;
- subclinical gingivitis.
| 2 – 4 days
| none
| Increase in gingival crevicular fluid
| II. Early lesion
- acute gingivitis
| 4 – 7 days
| Redness
Bleeding upon probing
Loss of tissue tone
| Continuation of initial lesion;
Chronic inflammatory cells appear
Connective tissue fibre destruction
| III. Established lesion
- chronic gingivitis
| 14 or more days
| Moderate-to-severe inflammation
| Chronic inflammation: blood vessels congested, blood flow impaired,
Continuation of changes in early lesions
| IV. Advanced lesion
- transition from gingivitis to periodontitis
| Dependent on host response
| True periodontal pockets
Attachment loss
Bone loss
| Inflammation extending into connective tissue;
Attachment and alveolar bone;
Bone resorption
| b) Speak about the consequences of the inflammation of the periodontal lesion.
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