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Reading. Dental Plaque

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1. Read the text and fill in the gaps.

 

Within the mouth of any one individual, plaque bacteria vary in number and proportions from time to time and site to site. The diversity is even greater between individuals, between races, and 1 _______.

Bacteria in dental plaque are the direct cause of the most widespread of all human diseases: dental caries and 2 _________. These diseases, however, are not classic infections. They arise because of complex changes in plaque ecology and are affected by many factors in the host’s protective responses.

Supragingival plaque is associated with caries and gingivitis, whereas subgingival plaque is associated 3 _______. With higher pH (i.e., less acidity) some plaques mineralize to form supragingival and subgingival dental calculus.

Regular toothbrushing and flossing can remove dental plaque and 4 _______. Once dental plaque mineralizes to form calculus, use of professional instruments is necessary for its removal. Although calculus does contribute to inflammatory periodontal diseases, it is stagnation of pathogenic bacteria at critical sites that leads to 5 __________.

 

a) … both dental caries and periodontal diseases.

b) … control its formation.

c) … between supragingival and subgingival plaques.

d) … with gingivitis and periodontitis.

e) … inflammatory periodontal diseases.

 

2. Explain the words in bold.

3. True or False.

1) Within the mouth of any one individual, plaque bacteria is similarin number and proportions from time to time and site to site.

2) Dental caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases are not classic infections.

3) Supragingival plaque is associated with caries and gingivitis.

4) Subgingival plaque is associated with caries and periodontitis.

5) Regular toothbrushing and flossing can remove dental plaque and control its formation.

 

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