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Risk Factors

A risk factor is behaviour, inherent characteristic, or environmental exposure associated with a disease. Risk factors are associated with incidence, extent and progression of periodontal diseases, and are usually identified through longitudinal studies (research studies in which the subjects are followed for a long period of time to study the natural course of the disease).

Risk assessment can help dental professionals assess a patient’s risk of developing periodontal disease and also helps to improve clinical decision making related to oral health care and prognosis. Risk assessment has the potential to reduce the need for complex periodontal therapy, and to improve patient outcomes that will lead to reduce cost for oral health care.

Specific examples of risk factors for periodontal diseases are age, gender, socioeconomic status, genetics, plaque biofilm, self-care, tobacco, stress and diabetes. Some risk factors cannot be changed or modified (non-modifiable or determinant), such as age and gender, whereas others are modifiable, such as smoking and plaque biofilm. The difference between these two types of risk factors is important in educating patients about risk factors that can be changed in the future.

Explain the highlighted words

True or False

1. Risk factors are usually identified through surveys.

2. Risk factors are identified through short-term studies.

3. Risk assessment helps to improve clinical decision making related to oral health care and prognosis.

4. Risk factors cannot be changed or modified.

5. The difference between two types of risk factors is important in educating patients.

Give your opinion about the fact if it is important to educate patients about risk factors.

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