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EMOTIONS AND STRESS
Fire emergencies are stressful situations. Danger is not the only source of stress, so it is the ambiguity that often accompanies an emergency. Richard Lazarus, a psychology professor, has developed a “model of cognitive appraisal” that is useful for explaining the importance of emotions in taking effective actions. In this model there are two questions that a person asks in stressful situations: 1. Am I in danger? The need to answer this question helps to explain why people delay their response to alarm signal. 2. How can I cope with the threat? This second question involves two different mental processes: a. Problem solving coping; and b. Emotion -focused coping. The importance of problem solving coping is apparent; someone in danger has to figure out how to cope with the threat. But emotion-focused coping is also very important, because the response to threat (anxiety and fear) can interfere with task performance. The relationship between stress and task performance has been studied in psychology for about one hundred years. A low amount of stress actually improves task performance, but a large amount of stress is detrimental especially for some critical cognitive tasks that involve making decisions. There are various explanations for this relationship. One explanation is psychological, that the chemicals the body produces help to increase strength and endurance, but interfere with thinking. Another explanation is cognitive, that the feelings of fear and anxiety are a distraction that reduces the capacity to think about a problem. People are strongly motivated to avoid anxiety. There are two reasons. First, anxiety interferes with task performance. Second, anxiety is very unpleasant. It explains why people ignore signs of danger. Дата добавления: 2015-09-18 | Просмотры: 679 | Нарушение авторских прав |