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FIRE BEHAVIOR

Fire emergencies are stressful situations. Danger is not the only source of stress, so it the ambiguity that often accompanies an emergency.

Fire safety experts and the public attribute many fire safety casualties to the mistakes made by building occupants during fires. These mistakes often result from poor situation awareness. People make mistakes because they haven’t been provided with good information about the situation. Before an emergency, people will have some information stored in the memory. This information is called “knowledge base”. A person’s knowledge base can either enhance or degrade his or her performance. For example, take a person’s response to a fire alarm signal. If the person has experienced numerous false alarms and therefore fails to respond quickly to an alarm indicating a real fire. His knowledge base has a negative effect. However, if another person has been trained to respond quickly to an alarm regardless of his experience with false alarms, his knowledge base will have a positive effect when he needs to respond quickly to an alarm indicating a real fire.

To escape from a fire in a building the person needs to perform a two step process.

1. The person must receive accurate information about the environment. For example, the person may see EXIT signs that will help to find a protected way out of the building. But, the person may also need to know that a particular stairway is contaminated by smoke.

2. The person must be able to receive accurate interpretation of the information.

Fire safety professionals think that people must start evacuation immediately upon detecting any sign of fire, including fire alarm. Sometimes building occupants are not eager to do it. Why are people reluctant to respond to ambiguous signs of a fire? There are various explanations, depending on the situation:

· People simply don’t like to be interrupted. They will try to complete a task before taking action on a new task. For example, people will often try to finish a telephone call or complete writing down a thought before responding to a fire alarm.

· People can process a small amount of information at one time. Therefore, distracting information is often filtered out.

· People try to avoid anxiety and often pay too little attention to threatening information.

Panic can be defined as behavior that is not motivated by rational goals. The fear of having building occupant panic is used as an excuse for withholding information about a fire emergency. The belief is that people are more likely to panic if they know they are in real danger. But, there is no evidence that providing accurate information increases the likehood of panic. In fact, studies of fire incidents have revealed that panic is extremely rare during fires. Providing building occupants with accurate information during a fire will reduce casualties.

Дата добавления: 2015-09-18 | Просмотры: 661 | Нарушение авторских прав