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HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGYPsychology has both a traditional and scientific history. Traditionally, psychology dates back to the earliest speculation about the relationships of man with his environment/. Beginning from 600 B.C.the Greek intellectuals observed and discussed these relationships. Empedocles said that the cosmos consisted of four elements: earth, air, fire and water. Hippocrates translated these elements. into four bodily humors and characterized the temperament of individuals on the basis of these humors. Plato recognized two classes of phenomena: things and ideas. Ideas, he said, come from two sources: some are innate and come with a soul, others are product of observations through the sense organs. The giant of thinkers was Aristotle. He was interested in anatomy and physiology of the body, he explained learning on the basis of association of ideas, he said knowledge should be achieved on the basis of observation. During the 15th and 16th centuries the scientific knowledge developed greatly. Among the most important scientific investigation were those of Newton in psychology of vision and Harvey in physiology. The mind-body problem was very important for the 17th and 18th centuries philosophers and entered recent psychology. The formal launching of psychology as a separate science occured in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened his Psychological Institute at the University of Leipzig. Wundt was a physiologist and philosopher who had made contributions to both of these fields. Nowadays psychology is a separate discipline, a real combination of true knowledge of human nature. Дата добавления: 2015-09-18 | Просмотры: 664 | Нарушение авторских прав |