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Conventional fire apparatus

14. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words: hoses, direct, pumping, reservoir, external, hydrants, foam, produce.

The conventional fire apparatus may have several methods of … water to the fire. The most common method is to pass water from a pump through … to the fire. It may also have a fixed pumping «cannon» which can … the water as pointed by the operator. A fire engine may have an onboard water … allowing firefighters to begin tackling the fire immediately, or it may be completely reliant on … sources, such as fire …, water tenders, natural sources such as rivers. Some fire engines have been equipped with injectors for mixing … into the pumped water stream creating a foam solution that is more effective than water alone. Some modern apparatus have included an air pump alongside foam injection to … a compressed air foam product that further increases the efficiency of the fire engine.

15. Match the picture and the description of a fire engine:

1. A specialised aerial work platform designed for firefighting use. They provide high level access and elevated water pump positions.	A
2. It is designed for technical rescue situations such as vehicle extrications following traffic collisions, confined space rescues, rope rescues, swiftwater rescues, or building collapses.	B.
3. The standard vehicle deployed to all emergency calls by the London Fire Brigade. It carries a ladder and a portable pump.	C.
4. The best-known form of specialised aerial apparatus, and is used to gain access to fires occurring at height using a large telescopic ladder, where conventional ladders carried on conventional appliances might not reach.	D.
5. Many fire departments keep special appliances. These are of several types, from those used to clean spilled oil on streets and highways, to full decontamination units, designed to clean victims and rescuers of contaminants after an incident.	E.
6. This unique vehicle can easily negotiate difficult terrain and high-gradient roads, be self-reliant, and have high clearances for wheels and suspension.	F.

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