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Emergencies

Many modern fire departments spend a decreasing amount of overall activity in fighting fires. Instead, fire fighters typically respond to all kinds of emergencies. For example, in the U.S. approximately 70 percent of all emergency medical calls are handled by the fire service. The same is true in many other countries.

The enormous increase in transportation of hazardous materials or dangerous goods has resulted in intensified training for fire fighters, and their departments often provide them with chemical protective clothing and monitoring equipment. Fire departments also prepare and equip their members to handle emergencies that result from earthquakes, plane crashes, and violent storms. In addition, fire fighters handle incidents that require extricating trapped people from fallen structures, from cave-ins, and from other situations.

XX. Translate the microtext. Pay attention to the translation of someone, no one, everyone, anyone.

TEXT 1

Survive a F ire in your Нome

Anyone who has lived through a fire will tell you what a terrifying experience it is. Unfortunately, many people who experience fire never get a chance to tell their story. Try to follow these simple instructions to survive a fire in your home.

Make sure everyone is familiar with the home escape plan. Everyone should know what to do when fire begins. Most fires that kill people occur at night, when everybody is asleep. That’s why you need a smoke alarm. Choose a meeting place that everyone will remember. Everyone must know to go directly to this meeting place. No one should go back into a burning building for any reason. Once at the meeting place, someone can be sent to the neighbour’s home to call the fire department.

TEXT 2

Fire Рrevention in Нomes and School

In the community, fire departments and other public agencies work to improve fire prevention through laws, inspections, and educational programs. Such groups as chambers of commerce and youth clubs promote fire prevention through newspapers, pamphlets, posters, and radio and television appeals.

Some groups sponsor programs to alert the community to fire hazards that occur during various seasons. For example, the number of fires in homes increases every winter, when heating equipment comes into use. Some of this equipment has not been kept in good condition or has been misused. In many communities, organizations put safety tags on Christmas trees.

In homes and schools, trash, old clothes, drapes, and furniture should be discarded, not stored in attics, basements, or closets. They could quickly catch fire in those places. Such liquids as gasoline and paint burn easily and should be stored in tightly closed cans, away from heat. Gasoline should not be stored indoors, and it must never be used to start a bonfire.

In old homes and schools, an electrician should regularly check electric wiring and replace any that appears weak or worn. An electrician should also replace cords on electric appliances as soon as the outside coverings become worn. Cords should never be run under carpeting, where they might become damaged and set the carpeting on fire. A fire can also result from overloading one outlet with several appliances.

Many types of fabrics burn easily. Wise parents teach children to avoid catching fires by not standing near lighted stoves or bonfires and not playing with matches. Playing with matches causes loss of life and thousands of dollars in damage yearly.

Many school programs train children to be alert to fire hazards. Young children may learn these dangers by coloring sheets of pictures, rhymes, and slogans about fire prevention. Many older children visit fire departments. Fire fighters or teachers also may give talks and demonstrations for classes and assemblies. School and community groups sponsor children's clubs, called junior fire departments, to promote fire safety at home.

In industry, fire prevention presents special problems because fire must be used for so many jobs. Fire performs such tasks as melting metals, heating chemicals, and generating electricity. Machines and furnaces used for these jobs must be carefully designed to keep the flames under control. Inspectors check for fire hazards near machines and in other areas of a factory. Employers teach workers to operate machines safely and to report any problems that could cause fire.

Workers must take special care when using dry or liquid chemicals and oils. Some liquids give off easily ignited vapors and have to be stored in metal safety cans. Spilled chemicals, and dust and chips from flammable materials must be cleaned up immediately.

Many industries sponsor special classes and demonstrations to teach workers how to prevent fire at their jobs. Factory bulletin boards, pamphlets, and articles in company magazines also promote fire safety.

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