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Fire Insurance

There exists a close connection between fire safety and fire insurance: fires favoured the development of insurance as one of the forms of fire-fighting and fire consequences.

A negative aspect of fire insurance appeared speculative arsons of insured property by the owners themselves with the aim of getting insurance compensation at excessive rate.

In Russia it was called "self-arson" and realized in the following way: some insurance agents got bribes and using illegal combinations insured property in two-three times higher than its real value. The police gave an official certificates confirming insured property destroyed by fire and the owner got his compensation in illegal way.

"Self-arsons" were widely spread. In some places there were individual "specialists" and even groups who for certain pay skillfully set on fire insured property.

In 1901 investigation agencies revealed two groups of professional incendiaries. The groups had special agents, brokers, and arsonists.

For every arson they received a certain sum of money or note of hand. Incendiaries set fire to buildings, shops, storehouses. Many people knew a real cause of fire, but could not expose incendiaries. And almost all the fires of such origin were considered as "careless handling fire". Nobody, naturally, thought of poor people who suffered from fires.

The aim of ''self-arson" was to receive insurance. But sometimes instead of insurances "self-arson" criminals were prosecuted. Demonstrative in this respect was a sensational case of a huge steam-mill arson in St-Petersburg resulted in grandiose fire in Warsaw railway station committed by a merchant-millionaire Owsjannikov.

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