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XVI. Use information in the text to complete the table

XVII. Choose the proper variant:

1. The fire of Alexandria library delayed the civilization for

a) several centuries

b) some decades

2. It Moscow the Kremlin and settelements were considerably destroyed by fire in

a) 1375 b) 1365

3. The increase of fire numbers was marked in

a) a mild season

b) a cold and dry season

4. When a building caught fire everyone

a) got a bucket to put out a flame

b) left home

5. In the reign of Peter the Great the Fire Service was passed to

a) volunteer fire companies

b) regular army units

6. The fire fighting activity was headed by

a) the head of firebrigades of a city

b) volvodes.

XVIII. Translate the microtext in writing paying special attention to the Passive Voice:

1. Great fires are described in ancient Russian chronicles.

2. People settlements had been considerably destroyed by fire.

3. But they had been taught to oppose fire and water.

4. Their settlements were being built on the banks of rivers and lakes.

5. Not only in the steppe regions, but even in the central ones the houses were roofed with thatch.

6. The only spark could be turned into flame.

7. As for towns, everything around was being constructed without planning.

8. Every day from March to October thousands of constructions were being destroyed by fire.

XIX. Find in the text the sentences describing:

1. the fire of Alexandria library.

2. the information of fires in ancient Russian chronicles.

3. fire extinction in the period before professional fire brigades were founded

4. the firefighting activity in the reign of Peter the Great.

5. two directions of firefighting.

XX. Find in the text English equivalents to the Russian phrases:

древние хроники; описывать; многочисленные пожары; в 12-ом веке; были полностью разрушены; в 13-ом веке; город сгорел дотла; в 14-ом веке; трагические пожары происходили; в 15-ом веке; Великий князь Иван III; нормативные акты; пожарная безопасность; была передана; по двум направлениям; осуществлялась; предотвращение пожаров; тушение пожаров.

XXI. Learn and retell the text:

From the History of the Fire Service in Russia

1. Russian ancient chronicles describe numerous fires.

2. In the 12 ^th century “mother of Russian towns” – Kiev, small towns of Novgorod land – Ladoga and Roussa – were completely destroyed by fire.

3. In the 13 ^th century the city of Vladimir was burnt down.

4. In the 14 ^th century tragic fires occurred in Moscow and Great Novgorod.

5. In the 15 ^th century Grand Duke Ivan the Third approved the first Fire Safety normative acts.

6. The Fire Protection appeared in Russia.

7. In the reign of Peter the Great the Fire Service was passed to the regular army units.

8. While building a new capital of Russia – St.-Petersburg Peter the Great took into account the fire safety measures.

9. Fire protection activities were carried on in two directions – fire prevention and fire fighting.

TEXT 2

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