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Emergency Rescue Operations

Large fire departments have rescue companies to handle nonfire emergencies. For example, rescue workers may be called to free people trapped under the wreckage of a fallen building or in a car after an accident. Rescue workers sometimes have to break through walls or cut through metal doors to reach an injured person. Many large fire departments have specialized teams to rescue people who are stranded underwater or in swift-flowing water, or on cliffs and in other high places.

Rescue companies may also go to major fires. At a building fire, for example, the rescue workers help the ladder company to get people out of the building. They give first aid to people overcome by smoke or suffering from burns.

Emergency medical operations. Many fire departments provide medical care in nonfire emergencies before the patient is taken to the hospital. These departments make up an important part of their community's Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. In the United States, EMS systems are set up in accordance with federal and state guidelines to provide quick prehospital care to victims of injury or sudden illness. Medical emergencies other than fires account for most alarm responses in a majority of the fire departments that belong to an EMS system.

Some fire departments provide only a basic, "first response" service. A private company or another emergency department then provides more advanced treatment and transports the patient to the hospital. Other fire departments have paramedic units, whose members receive training for many kinds of medical emergencies. Paramedic units operate ambulances and use communication equipment to stay in touch with a nearby hospital. Under the direction of a physician, they may use advanced medical equipment and administer drugs. They may also transport the patient to the hospital.

Arson investigations are conducted by local fire departments in most cases. Arson is the crime of purposely setting fire to a building or other property. Fire departments gather evidence in cases where arson is suspected. The evidence may then be used in court.

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