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Peace Operations

(US Views)

Peace operations (PO) are a type of MOOTW. US doctrine is consistent with the doctrine of many nations in recognizing the important but limited role of military forces in the creation of peace in today’s turbulent world. That peace is a product of the will of the parties to a conflict. Influencing that will requires the concurrent application of all the instruments of national and international power – military, diplomatic, economic, and informational. These instruments are closely linked with the conduct of PO.

There are no standard PO, each having a unique setting with its own political, diplomatic, geographic, economic, cultural, and military characteristics. All US military PO support strategic and policy objectives.

The UN Charter provides several means for the international community to address threats to peace and security. Chapter VI of the Charter addresses peaceful means of establishing or maintaining peace through conciliation, mediation, adjudication, and diplomacy. Chapter VII provides the UNSC with a wide range of enforcement actions, from diplomatic and economic measures to the extensive application of armed force. Although the terms peacekeeping and peace enforcement are not in the UN Charter, they generally describe actions taken under Chapter VI and Chapter VII, respectively. The US Constitution, the UN Charter, and US law and policy provide the legal underpinnings for US participation in PO. Although the US will normally participate in PO under the sponsorship of the UN or other multinational organization, it reserves the right to conduct PO unilaterally. Because of the dynamic nature of the PO mission, changesmay occur and gray areas can develop requiring close political-military communication and coordination, assessments of the situation and threat, and prior contingency planning for practical requirements.

The United States may participate in PO under various command and control (C2) arrangements. These arrangements might include a unilateral US operation, a multinational operation with the United States as the lead nation, or a multinational operation with the United States as a participant or in support. For both unilateral and multinational operations, US forces will probably bestructured asa joint task force (JTF). The composition of the JTF will depend on the mission, political objectives, and the threat.

PO take place under different circumstances characterized by three critical factors: consent, impartiality, and use of force. Key documentsin PO include the mandate, status-of-forces agreement (SOFA), terms of reference (TOR), and rules of engagement (ROE). PO encompass peacekeeping operations and peace enforcementoperations.

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