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General. The term “collective security” is commonly understood as the military defense by means of broad-based alliances among many nations who are pledged to help

The term “collective security” is commonly understood as the military defense by means of broad-based alliances among many nations who are pledged to help defend each other against aggressors. In this respect, it is somewhat synonymous with the terms “international security” and “ regional security ”.

The principles of collective security were laid down by the ideology of relative pacifism early in the 20th century. Many pacifists believed that peace can be maintained only by a readiness to use force in certain circumstances. Proponents of the theory of collective security called for the establishment of regional and international alliances of peace-loving nations against peace violators. Collective security supporters also stood for the creation of international machinery that was able not only to make settlements but to enforce them as well.

The greatest impetus to collective security in modern times was the development and use of nuclear weapons. Faced with the possibility of total nuclear war, many nations started working for the ban of nuclear weapons production and testing, and for the nuclear disarmament. Nowadays, advocates of collective security accordingly support all international organizations such as the United Nations, with its more elaborate machinery for keeping the peace.

Collective security is a broad and complex topic both for countries engaged in relationships with other nations, and for observers trying to understand those interactions. These relationships are influenced by many variables. They are shaped by the primary participants in international security relations – called collective security actors – including national leaders, other politicians, and nongovernmental participants, such as private citizens, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGO’s). Collective security relationships are also affected by domestic political events and nonpolitical influences, including economics, geography, and culture. Despite all of these other influences, the primary focus of collective security is on the interactions between nations.

The universally recognized international organization aimed at international collective security is the UN. The largest modern regional alliances for collective securityare NATO, OAU, OAS, OSCE, EU, and WEU.

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