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TERMINOLOGYINTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE — is a section of medical science and practice intended to maintain and restore human health that is in the life-threatening state owing to the effect of pathology or aggressive methods of treatment. ANESTHESIOLOGY (from an — absence, estesia — sense, logos — science) — at first, was treated as the science about anesthesia in surgical operations. Though they are always aimed at treatment, but, according to Rene Lerish, "the operation saves the patient by ways which may kill him". The main task of anesthesiology is to protect the organism from the operative injury. In time, semantics of the word "anesthesiology" was significantly extended. It acquired a meaning of science of the vital functions control not only in connection with the operation, but with a critical state of any origin as well. Thus, anesthesiologist should master not only the methods of anesthesia, but resuscitation and intensive care. Consequently, he has a direct relation to intensive care medicine. TERMINAL STATES (preagony, agony, clinical death) — at the boundary (terminus) between life and death that characterize a progressing extinction of vitally important functions down to their loss. REANIMATION (from re — newly, animatio— animation, revival) — is the process of treatment of terminal states, revival of the organism, a complex of curative measures aimed at renewal of dying out or just died out vitally important functions of the organism. REANIMATOLOGY (reanimation + logos — science) — is a science of resuscitation of the organism. In the USSR this term, for many years, was extended not only to the study of the processes of dying and revivification, but to the normalization of sharply disturbed functions of the living organism, that in foreign English speaking countries, and now in Ukraine, is designated as "intensive care". CRITICAL STATE — when available disturbance of vitally important functions of the organism cannot be spontaneously corrected by means of self-regulation and requires partial or complete replacement. INTENSIVE CARE — it is the process of treatment of patients being in a critical state, a complex therapy in grave and life-threatening conditions. Proceeding from the above given notion of critical state, the basis for intensive care should be the correction and substitution of the vitally important functions of the organism. Here, it is often a primary diagnosis comes to the background, and syndromes of the present state step forward to the foreground. It is a syndromic approach in the majority of cases that becomes the principal one in intensive care. INTENSIVE OBSERVATION — it is an observation and nursing of the patients with a potential possibility to develop a critical state. It is identical to the term "monitoring". Taking as an axiom that it is better not to wait for a disturbance of vital functions, in order to restore them later on, the intensive observation allows to detect in time the first signs threatening to develop a critical state, as well as the intensive care, to a certain extent, prevents the development of terminal states, and resuscitation — the onset of biological death. Monitoring is carried out with invasive (with the invasion, e.g. into the blood system) and noninvasive methods with the use of special technical devices and noninstrumental methods with a continuous or in specified periods of time registration of indices. The intensive observation allows to reveal timely the first signs threatening with the development of critical state. Дата добавления: 2015-02-05 | Просмотры: 688 | Нарушение авторских прав |