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Ж. Лечение

Прочитайте:
  1. B Оперативное лечение.
  2. I этап - Захватывание ножки (ножек) и извлечение плода до пупочного кольца
  3. I02.0 Ревматическая хорея с вовлечением сердца
  4. II Хирургическое лечение.
  5. II этап - Извлечение плода до уровня нижнего угла лопаток
  6. II. ЛЕЧЕНИЕ АСТМАТИЧЕСКОГО СТАТУСА
  7. II. ОПЕРАТИВНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ.
  8. II. С вторичным вовлечением миокарда
  9. III. Лечение некоторых экстренных состояний
  10. III. Лечение синдромов МЭН

1. Отменяютлекарственные средства, которые могли вызвать гинекомастию.

2. Гинекомастия пубертатного возраста и гинекомастия при возобновлении питания проходят без лечения. Такие больные нуждаются только в наблюдении. Гинекомастия, вызванная тиреотоксикозом, исчезает после излечения основного заболевания.

3. Если длительно существующая гинекомастия не поддается медикаментозному лечению, больной чувствует дискомфорт и обеспокоен своей внешностью, показано хирургическое иссечение железистой ткани молочной железы.

4. Больным с первичным гипогонадизмом назначают препараты тестостерона. Тестостерон подавляет секрецию ЛГ и тем самым снижает секрецию эстрадиола в яичках. Такое лечение позволяет затормозить развитие гинекомастии или даже излечить ее.

5. Некоторые эндокринологи пытаются использовать антагонисты эстрогенов (например, тамоксифен). Несмотря на отдельные сообщения об успешном применении тамоксифена, эффективность его сомнительна. Кроме того, такое лечение слишком дорого.


Литература

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2. Aitken RJ, et al. Prospective analysis of spermoocyte fusion and reactive oxygen species generation as criteria for the diagnosis of infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164:542, 1991.

3. Alonso-Solis R, et al. Gonadal steroid modulation of neuroendocrine transduction: a transsynaptic view. Cell Mol Neurobiol 16:357, 1996.

4. Barraclough CA, Wise PM. The role of catecholamines in the regulation of pituitary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Endocr Rev 3:91, 1982.

5. Block RI, et al. Effects of chronic marijuana use on testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin and cortisol in men and women. Drug Alcohol Depend 28:121, 1991.

6. Boyers SP, et al. Automated semen analysis. Current Probl Obst Gynecol Fertil 22:162, 1989.

7. Brown TR, et al. Deletion of steroid binding domain of the human androgen receptor gene in one family with complete androgen in sensitivity syndrome: Evidence for further genetic heterogeneity in this syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8151, 1988.

8. Carlson HE. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 303:795, 1980.

9. Carreau S. Paracrine control of human Leydig cell and Sertoli cell functions. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 34:111, 1996.

10. Chan SYW, et al. Predictive value of sperm morphology and movement characteristics in the outcome of in vitro fertilization of human oocytes. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf 6:142, 1989.

11. Crowley EF, et al. The physiology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in men and women. Recent Prog Horm Res 41:473, 1985.

12. Davidson JM, et al. Effects of androgens on sexual behavior in hypogonadal men. J Endocrinol Metab 48:955, 1979.

13. DeKretser DM, et al. Serum inhibin levels in normal men and men with testicular disorders. J Endocrinol 120:517, 1989.

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15. Glover TD, et al. Human male fertility and semen analysis. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 137, 1990.

16. Griffin JE, Wilson JD. The syndromes of androgen resistance. N Engl J Med 302:198, 1980.

17. Hamberger L, et al. Indications for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 13(Suppl 1):128, 1998.

18. Hayes FJ, et al. Clinical review 96: Differential control of gonadotropin secretion in the human: endocrine role of inhibin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1835, 1998.

19. Jaakola T, et al. The ratios of serum bioactive/immunoreactive luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in various clinical conditions with increased and decreased gonadotropin secretion: Re-evaluation by a highly sensitive immunometric assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70:1496, 1990.

20. Joseph DR. Structure, function, and regulation of androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin. Vitam Horm 49:197, 1994.

21. Krane RJ, et al. Impotence. New Engl J Med 321:1648, 1989.

22. Kwan M, et al. The nature of androgen action of male sexuality: A combined laboratory and self report study in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57:557, 1983.

23. Lue T. Organic impotence. In CW Bardin (ed), Current Therapy in Endocrinology and Metabolism. Philadelphia: Decker, 1991. Pp. 269.

24. Marcelli M, et al. Androgen resistance associated with a mutation of the androgen receptor at amino acid 772 (Arg Cys) results from a combination of decreased messenger ribonucleic acid levels and impairment of receptor junction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:318, 1991.

25. Paice JA, et al. Altered sexual function and decreased testosterone in patients receiving intraspinal opioids. J Pain Symptom Manage 9:126, 1994.

26. Pajarinen JT, Karhunen PJ. Spermatogenic arrest and 'Sertoli cell-only' syndrome—common alcohol-induced disorders of the human testis. Int J Androl 17:292, 1994.

27. Parvinen M. Regulation of the seminiferous epithelium. Endocr Rev 3:404, 1982.

28. Paulsen CA, et al. Klinefelter's syndrome and its variants: A hormonal and chromosomal study. Recent Prog Horm Res 24:321, 1968.

29. Rivier C, et al. Studies of the inhibin family of hormones: a review. Horm Res 28:104, 1987.

30. Rommerts FFG, Focko FG. Testosterone: An overview of biosynthesis, transport, metabolism and action. In E Nieschlag, HM Behre (eds), Testosterone Action Deficiency Substitution. Berlin: Springer, 1990. P. 1.

31. Sherins RJ. Evaluation and management of men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In CR Garcia et al (eds), Current Therapy of Infertility. St. Louis: Mosby, 1982. P. 10.

32. Sherins RJ, DeVita VT. Effect of drug treatment for lymphoma on male reproductive capacity: Studies of men in remission after therapy. Ann Intern Med 79:216, 1973.

33. Sigman M, Howards SS. Male infertility. In PC Walsh et al (eds) Campbell's Urology (6th ed). Philadelphia: Saunders, 1992.

34. Swerdloff RS, et al. Evaluation of the infertile couple. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 17:301, 1988.

35. Swerdloff RS, et al. Endocrine evaluation of the infertile male. In L Lipschultz, S Howards (eds), Infertility in the Male (2nd ed). St. Louis: Mosby, 1991. Pp. 211.

36. Swerdloff RS, Wang C. Androgens and aging in men. West J Med. In press.

37. Vermullen A. Androgens in the aging male. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:221, 1991.

38. Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Androgens. In CM Smith, AM Raynard (eds), Textbook of Pharmacology Philadelphia: Saunders, 1991. Pp. 683.

39. Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Evaluation of testicular function. In DM de Kretser (ed), Bailliere's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. (Vol 6) London: Bailliere Tindell, 1992.

40. Wiener JS, et al. Molecular biology and function of the androgen receptor in genital development. J Urol 157:1377, 1997.

41. Williams C, et al. Effect of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a patient with the "fertile eunuch" syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:176, 1975.

42. Wilson JD, et alv. The pathogenesis of gynecomastia. Adv Intern Med 25:1, 1980.

43. World Health Organization. Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction (3rd ed) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.


V. Нарушения минерального обмена

Глава 24. Нарушения обмена кальция и фосфора у взрослых

А. Брикман


Дата добавления: 2015-02-05 | Просмотры: 976 | Нарушение авторских прав



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