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Induction into angiology. Basic principles of structure, branching and classification of blood. The microcirculatory bed

Angiology is the medical specialty which studies the diseases of the circulatory system and of thelymphatic system, i.e., arteries, veins and lymphatic vases, and its diseases

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (ABO system)

The structure or composition of blood includes plasma and blood cells. The blood cells include the red blood cells or erythrocytes, white blood cells or leucocytes and blood platelets or thrombocytes. The functions of blood include transportation, maintaining body temperature, controlling pH and removing toxins from the blood.

The microcirculatory bed is not simply system the sum of various vessels but an intricate anatomo-physiologycal complex maintaining basic, vitally important metabolic processes in the org. Kupriyanoz therefore regards the metabolic process as a system of microcirculation. The microcirculatory bed or the microcirculatory
system consists of seven elements: five blood vascular links
tte lymph capillaries, and aa exrtravscular link represented by interstitial
fluid. The Sow of blood and lymph through the microscopic vessels concerned
with the exchange of substance results in networks of blood and lymph capil-
laries.

The microcicrculary bed. Collateral blood circulation. Intersystemic, intrasystemic anastomoses of arteries, veins. Circle of the blood circulation. Vessels of greater (systemic), lesser(pulmonary) blood circulation. Peculiarities of the fetal circulation.

Collateral blood circulation: is circulation in an area of tissue or an organ with a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. Collateral circulation can be established in the venous system (between veins) or in the arterial system (between arteries).

Cerebral collateral circulation Blood flow to the brain is maintained via a network of collateral arteries that anastomose in the circle of Willis, which lies at the base of the brain. In the circle of Willis so-called communicating arteries exist between the front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts of the circle of Willis, as well as between the left and right side of the circle of Willis.

The microcirculatory bed is not simply system the sum of various vessels but an intricate anatomo-physiologycal complex maintaining basic, vitally important metabolic processes in the org. Kupriyanoz therefore regards the metabolic process as a system of microcirculation. The microcirculatory bed or the microcirculatory
system consists of seven elements: five blood vascular links
tte lymph capillaries, and aa exrtravscular link represented by interstitial
fluid. The Sow of blood and lymph through the microscopic vessels concerned
with the exchange of substance results in networks of blood and lymph capil-
laries.

Vessels of lesser circulation: pulmonary trunk (a. pulmonary dexter et sinister) pulmonary veins (v.bronchial, azygous)

Vessels of greater circulation: Aorta (ascendin et descending, thoracica, abdominal,sinus)

Fetal circulation: The fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a human fetus, often encompassing the entire fetoplacental circulation that also includes theumbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood. The fetal circulation works differently from that of born humans, mainly because the lungs are not in use: the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord

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