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Sympathetic part of the vegetative nervous system. Sympathetic trunk, celiac and aortic plexuses
The sympathetic part of vegetative NS has 2 parts: central and peripheral parts. Central part of sympathetic system is located in lateral horns of spinal cord between the level of C7 and Th1-L3 in the intermediolatetal nucleus. It gives rise to innervating smooth muscles of viscera. Peripheral part of sympathetic system is formed of 2: right and left sympathetic trunks. Each sympathetic trunk is composed of series of nerve ganglia of the first order connected by longitudinal intergnaglionic branches. Sympathetic trunk: is subdivided into 4 parts: cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral. 1) Cervical part – stretches from the base of the skull to the neck of the first rib. 2) Superior cervical ganglion – is the largest ganglion of sympathetic, it lies on the level of second and partly the 3rd cervical vertebrae 3) Middle cervical ganglion – is small, situated at the intersection of the inferior thyroid artery with carotid artery. 4) Inferior cervical ganglion – situated behind initial part of vertebral artery. Celiac plexus: abdominal part of sympathetic trunk sends off a great number of branches which, together with the greater and lesse splanchnic nerves and the abdominal segments of vagus nerves form largest unpaired coeliac plexus. It occupies the area between renal arteries, suprarenal glands and aortic opening of diaphragm. Aortic plexus: The second main source of innervation of abdominal organs is the plexus on the aorta – plexus aorticus abdominalis, formed by two trunks arising from coeliac plexus and branches. Aortic plexus gives rise inferior mesenteric plexus – for the transverse, descending, sigmoid colon and upper part of rectum.
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