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The pharynx: topography, portions, properties of the structure, blood and nerves supply, lymphatic drainage, lympho-ephitelial ring

The pharynx is the part of alimentary canal and respiratory tract, which is the connecting link between the cavity of nose, mouth, esophagus and trachea. According to the topography, it stretches from the level of base of the skull to sixth or seventh vertebrae. The pharynx is situated behind the nasal and oral cavities and in front of the basilar part of occipital bone and upper six cervical vertebrae. Portions: in accordance with organs three parts are distinguished in it: pars nasalis, pars oralis and pars laryngea. The superior wall of the pharynx, which adjoins the base of the skull is called vault of the pharynges.

The pharynx receives nutrients mainly from the ascending pharyngeal artery and the branches of the facial and maxillary arteries from the external carotid arteries. Venous blood drains into a plexus situated on the muscular coat of pharynx and then into the system of the internal jugular vein by way of the pharyngeal veins. The lymph flows into the deep cervical and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The pharynx is innervated from the pharyngeal plexus formed by branches of glossopharyngeus and vagus nerves and branches of sympathetic trunk. Muscles are innervated by the nerve vagus.

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