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Long branches of the sacral plexus. Ischial nerve and its branches: topography and supply regions

1) Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh; 2) Sciatic nerve; Branches of the sciatic nerve:-muscular branches, medial popliteal nerve, lateral popliteal nerve.

The sciatic nerve is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibers from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus.

The nerve gives off articular and muscular branches.

The articular branches arise from the upper part of the nerve and supply the hip-joint, perforating the posterior part of its capsule; they are sometimes derived from the sacral plexus.

The muscular branches are distributed to the following muscles of the lower limb: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the hamstring portion of adductor magnus. The nerve to the short head of the biceps femoris comes from the common fibular part of the sciatic (see below), while the other muscular branches arise from the tibial portion, as may be seen in those cases where there is a high division of the sciatic nerve.

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