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Liver and gall bladder: topography, structure, functions. Excretory channels of a liver and gall bladder. Blood supply, innervations, lymphatic drainage

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Liver – glandular organ, projected on anterior abdominal wall, situated under diaphragm. Structure: 2 surfaces are present: upper surface (facies diaphragmatica) and lower surface (facies visceralis). Two lobes are: lobus hepatis dexter and sinister, they are separated by falciform ligament. In free edge of falciform ligament located - ligamentum teres hepatis. Lobus hepatis dexter on visceral surface is divided into 2 secondary lobes by 2 grooves. One groove stretches and form fossa vesica fellae. The posterior pat of groove contains inferior vena cava, is called sulcus vena cavae. There’re two lobes: quadrate lobe and caudate lobe. Blood supply: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, vv. Interlobulares, vv.centrales, hepatic veins. Lymphatic vessels: hepatic, coeliac, right gastric and pyloric lymph nodes. Innervation: liver innervated by solar plexus through sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve.

Gall bladder: pear-shaped. Its wide end called - fundus; narrow end - neck; middle part forms body.

Blood supply: cystic artery, cystic vein. Nerve supply: Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers reach the organ from the celiac plexus. Lymphatic drainage: lymph drains into cystic lymph node.

Excretory channels of a liver: Between liver cells hepatic lobules pass bile ductules. Then, leaving lobule, ductules drain into interlobular ductules, which join in each lobe of liver and these right and left hepatic ducts – form common hepatic duct.

Excretory channels of gall bladder: cystic duct and common hepatic duct join to form common bile duct.

 

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