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Inferior vena cava, origin, parietal and visceral tributaries. Venous drainage of the pelvic and lower limb

Inferior vena cava – the thickest venous trunk, lies in the abdominal cavity. It is formed at level of 4^th lumbar vertebra, by merger of two common iliac veins. The tributaries draining into vena cava inferior are divided into parietal and visceral veins:

Parietal veins: 1) the right and left lumbar veins; 2) phrenic veins.

Visceral veins: 1) the testicular veins; 2) renal veins; 3) right suprarenal vein; 4) hepatic veins.

Venous drainage of pelvic: Veins accompany main branches of internal iliac artery. Around pelvic organs they anastomose to form venous plexuses: rectal, vesical, prostatic, uterine and vaginal. Venous plexuses communicate with each other; Veins and plexuses eventually drain into internal iliac vein; Some venous blood from the pelvis drains to the internal vertebral venous plexus; Internal iliac veins are found deep to the arteries; Become confluent with external iliac veins to form common iliac veins; A portacaval anastomosis occurs between the superior rectal vein and inferior rectal veins.

The veins of lower extremity: are divided into deep and superficial (subcutaneus).

Deep veins: v. poplitea, v. femoralis, vv. digitales plantares, vv. tibialis posteriors, vv. tibialis anteriores,

v. iliaca externa.

Subcutaneus veins: there are two largest trunks – v. saphena magna and v. saphena parva; other subcutaneous veins: v. circumflexa ilium superficialis, vv. pudendae externae.

132. Lymphatic vessels and nodules of the abdominal cavity:

In the abdominal cavity are distinguished:

1) parietal nodes situated around the aorta and vena cava inferior;

2) visceral nodes which are distributed along trunks and branches of coeliac artery.

1 ) Parietal nodes: in relation to aorta are left lateroaortal, preaortal nodes; in relation to vena cava inferior – they are laterocaval, precaval, retrocaval and interaortocaval nodes. All of these can be generally classified as aortic lymph glands.

2) Visceral nodes of abdominal cavity can be divided into large groups: a) nodes of branches of coeliac artery; b) nodes of branches of mesenteric arteries.

Nodes of first group: nodi lymphatici coelaci, gastrici sinistri and dextri, hepatici, pancreaticolienales, pylorici. To the second group: located along the mesenteric arteries, they are extremely numerous.

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