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Long branches of brachial plexus: nerves of the lateral funiculus, their topography, branches, supply regions

The lateral cord is the anterior divisions from the upper and middle trunks (C5-C7).

Lateral Cord Branches:

LLM "Lucy Loves Me" - lateral pectoral, lateral root of the median nerve, musculocutaneous

Love Me Latha (LML) - Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Lateral root of Median Nerve.

Look My Lancer-Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve,Lateral root of Median nerve.

5 main nerves of brachial plexus, in order laterally to medially

"My Aunty Recognised My Uncle" - Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar.

The lateral cord is mainly supplied by transverse cervical artery and the medial and posterior cords by the branches from axillary artery.

Short branches of brachial plexus and their supply region

1) Nerve to the romboids; 2) Nerve to the serratus anterior muscle; 3) The suprascapular nerve; 4) The lateral and medial pectoral nerves; 5) Subscapular nerves; 6) nerves to the subclvius muscle

Morpho-functional characteristics of skin covering of the upper limb. Superficial and deep veins of upper extremity, their topography and projections. Lymphatic vessels and nodules of upper limb. Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb, its supply region.

The skin covering the shoulder and arm is smooth and very movable on the underlying structures. In the axilla there are numerous hairs and many sudoriferous and sebaceous glands. Over the medial side and front of the forearm the skin is thin and smooth, and contains few hairs but many sudoriferous glands; over the lateral side and back of the arm and forearm it is thicker, denser, and contains more hairs but fewer sudoriferous glands. In the region of the olecranon it is thick and rough, and is very loosely connected to the underlying tissue so that it falls into transverse wrinkles when the forearm is extended. At the front of the wrist there are three transverse furrows in the skin; they correspond respectively from above downward to the positions of the styloid process of the ulna, the wrist-joint, and the midcarpal joint. The skin of the palm of the hand differs considerably from that of the forearm.

The venous drainage of the upper limb (arm and forearm) is composed of superficial and deep vessels.

-The deep veins accompany the arteries. They are connected to the superficial system by perforating veins.

-The superficial veins starts on the back of the hand as a dorsal arch.

•The cephalic vein begins at the radial extremity of the arch. It ascends along the lateral aspect of the arm, then it pierces the deep fascia to enter the axillary vein just distal to the clavicle. •The basilic vein passes along the medial aspect of the forearm, pierces the deep fascia at the elbowand joins the venae comitantes of the brachial artery

•The median cubital vein links the cephalic and basilic veins in front of the elbow;

The Lymph Glands of the Upper Extremity.—The lymph glands of the upper extremity are divided into two sets, superficial and deep. The superficial lymph glands are few and of small size. One or two supratrochlear glands are placed above the medial epicondyle of the humerus, medial to the basilic vein. The deep lymph glands are chiefly grouped in the axilla, although a few may be found in the forearm, in the course of the radial, ulnar, and interosseous vessels, and in the arm along the medial side of the brachial artery.

-Shoulder and pectoral region

Supraclavicular nerves (C3-4) to the skin at the root of the neck; Posterior rami C4-T6 branches distribute over the trapezius and scapula; Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves T1-5 to the skin over pectoral muscles.

-Arm

Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve: from the axillary nerve (C5, C6); Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve: from the radial nerve (C5, C6); Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve: from the radial nerve (C5-8).

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