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Topography of the Peritoneum below the mesocolon. Derivatives of Peritoneum at the lower compartment of the abdominal cavity

Peritoneal cavity is usually divided into supracolic and infracolic compartment by the transverse colon and mesocolon. The infracolic compartment lies below the transverse mesocolon and contains the small intestine, ascending and descending colon, urogenital organs(не точно).

The middle storey of the peritoneal cavity divided into 4compartments: between lateral abdominal walls and colon ascendens and colon descendens are right and left lateral canals; the space bounded bounded by colon is divided by mesentery of small intestine, descending from left to right: right and left mesenteric sinuses. The mesentery is a fold of two peritoneal layers by means of which small intestine is attached to posterior abdominal wall. At the junction of small intestine and colon are two recesses: inferior and superior ileocaecal recesses, situated below and above ileocaecal fold passing from ileum to medial surface of caecum. A recess in parietal peritoneum lodging caecum is called fossa of caecum. In the male, the rectovesical pouch is a double folding of peritoneum between the rectum and the bladder. The peritoneal cavity is completely closed in males. In females, rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) is double folded extension of the peritoneum between the rectum and posterior wall of uterus. The vesicouterine pouch is a double fold of peritoneum between anterior surface of the uterus and bladder.

Kidneys, their topography, structure, blood and nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, variants and congenital anomalies of development. Structural-functional unit of the kidney. Covering of the kidney. Fixate apparatus of the kidney.

Kidney – paired excretory organ, producing urine. In kidney are distinguished: upper and lower extremities; lateral and medial margins; and anterior, posterior surfaces; hilum of kidney. The hilum is opened into narrow hollow called sinus renalis. Structure: kidney composed of sinus renalis, containing calyces and renal pelvis. The cortex and medulla are distinguished. Cortex occupies peripheral layer of organ, medulla is formed by renal pyramids. On pyramids also present apices which called renal papillae. Parts of cortex separating pyramids – called columnae renalis. Kidney contains renal tubules. The blind ends of tubules surround as double-walled capsules, tufts of capillary blood vessels. Each glomerulus(tuft) lies in capsule – called glomerula capsule (Bowman’s capsule). Glomerulus together with capsule – form renal corpuscle. Structural-functional unit of the kidney is nephron. It consists of:

1) Corpuscle of kidney;

2) Proximal convoluted tubule is continuous with proximal straight tubule

3) Henle’s loop, which has 2 limbs: descending and ascending.

4) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is continuous with distal segment consisting of a thick ascending limb in turn continuous with distal convoluted tubule and then with junctional tubule.

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