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External nose. Nasal cavity (olfactory and respiratory regions). Paranasal sinuses

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The external nose extends the nasal cavities onto the front of the face and positions the nares so that they point downwards. The external nose is pyramidal in shape, has anterior border called "dorsum" and two lateral sides.

- It´s root lies at the naso-facial suture; It´s apex called the tip of the nose; The septum below the tip of the nose called "columella"; The opening of the nose to air is called "nostrils" or "anterior nares" which are openings through which air enters nasal cavities. The external nose is composed of two parts: 1- Upper bony part; 2- lower cartilagenous part.

The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils. Adjustments of mucous membrane for the mechanical treatment of air are situated on the level of the middle and inferiorconchae and nasal passages. This part therefore is called respiratory region. In the upper part of nasal cavity at the level of superior conchea, is an adjustment for the control of inspired air, namely the olfactory organ, that is why the upper part of the internal nose is called the olfactory region.

Additional adjustment for ventilation of air are the paranasal sinuses,paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity (maxillary sinuses), above the eyes, between the eyes, and behind the ethmoids. The sinuses are named for the facial bones in which they are located.

 

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