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Lecture No. 3

1. Theme: Regulation of an expression of genes

2. Purpose: To create at students of knowledge of mechanisms of a regulation of activity of genes at about prokaryote and eukaryote.

3. Theses of lectures:

3.1. General principles and mechanisms of a regulation of activity of genes.

3.2. A regulation of activity of genes at prokaryote.

3.3. A regulation of activity of genes at eukaryote.

3.4. Levels of a regulation of activity of genes and their characteristic.

In a human body about 200 various cellular phenotypes which differ on a structure, are known to functions, but at the same time have an identical set of genes. Aexternal variety of cells is caused by a various combination of expressed genes in various types of cells and the signals defining time of an expression of a concrete gene or a complex of genes. Some genes have constant genetic activity since their regulatory proteins are always bound to pro-motors and the transcription doesn't stop. Pro-motors of other genes are bound to regulatory proteins periodically therefore the induction or gene repression by the corresponding regulators is temporary. Transkriptsionny level – the main level of a regulation of activity of genes, but not unique. For example, the molecular device should perceive signals of the gene: splaysing, processing, transport level, translation level (in a cytoplasma of MRNK it can be quickly blasted or protected from degradation by cytoplasmatic proteins, from here stability and the period of semi-life of MRNK – the special mechanism of a gene regulation).

4. Illustrative material: multimedia lecture No. 3.

5. Literature:

The main:

5.1. Biology. Under the editorship of Yarygin V. N. M., 2001.

5.2. Bochkov N. P. with etc. Medical genetics.M, 1984.

5.3. Genetics. Under the editorship of Ivanov V. I. M, 2006.

5.4. Medical biology and genetics. Under the editorship of prof. Kuandykov E.U. Almaty, 2004.

5.5. Faller D. M., Shields D. Molecular cytobiology. M, 2006.

5.6. Muminov T.A., Kuandykov E.U. Bases of molecular biology (course of lectures). Almaty, 2007.

5.7. Mushkambarov N. N., Kuznetsov S. L. Molecular biology. M, 2003.

The additional:

5.1. Zayac R. G. of, etc. General and medical genetics.Rostov-on-Don, 2002.

5.2. To Inga-Vechtomov S.G. Genetics with selection bases. M, 1989.

5.3. Kemp P., Arms K.Vvedeniye in biology. M, 1988.

6. Control questions (feedback):

6.1. What is the operon?

6.2. Levels of a regulation of activity of genes at prokaryote.

6.3. Mechanisms of a regulation of activity of genes at prokaryote.

6.4. Features of a regulation of activity of genes at eukaryote.

6.5. A differential expression of genes and its value in vital activity of organisms.

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