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НИТРОФУРАНЫ
В 1967 г. C.J. DeMasi описал острую форму лекарственной болезни легких у больной, получавшей лечение нитрофуранами по причине мочевой инфекции. В дальнейшем другие авторы отмечали, что острая нитрофурановая пневмопатия более свойственна для женщин среднего и пожилого возраста (соотношение мужчины: женщины 1:3) вследствие более частого приема по причине обострений урогенитальных инфекций. Острые побочные реакции со стороны легких могут осложнить даже однократный прием препарата и обычно подвергаются спонтанному регрессу при отмене препарата [50]. Хронические формы нитрофурановой пневмопатии протекают более неблагоприятно, в течение длительного времени без ярких клинических и рентгенологических проявлений; в далеко зашедшей стадии возможно появление признаков фиброзной трансформации легких. Витамин С ослабляет токсический эффект нитрофурана за счет повышения кислотности мочи, так как препарат не обладает достаточной ацидофильностью [20]. Токсические влияния нитрофурана на легкие имитируют бронхолегочную инфекцию, тяжелую бронхиальную обструкцию, отек легких и характеризуются лихорадкой с ознобом, одышкой, кашлем, миалгиями, болями в грудной клетке, кожной сыпью [51]. Лечение предусматривает отмену препарата, назначение кортикостероидов в умеренных дозах до купирования симптомов заболевания.
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