ПРОГНОЗ. Прогноз при ОРДС неблагоприятный, летальность составляет 40 - 60%
Прогноз при ОРДС неблагоприятный, летальность составляет 40 - 60%. Чаще всего летальность больных ОРДС в большей степени обусловлена последствиями сепсиса и полиорганной недостаточности, чем тяжестью ОДН, хотя данные последних работ по изучению протективной вентиляции легких свидетельствуют о том, что в ряде случаев смерть больных ОРДС является прямым следствием повреждения легких. В течение последнего десятилетия появились обнадеживающие данные о снижении летальности от ОПЛ/ОРДС. Так, опубликованы данные об уменьшении летальности в крупном госпитале г. Сиэтла (США) с 53 - 68% в 1983 - 1987 гг. до 36% в 1993 г. Сходные результаты получили специалисты из ведущего госпиталя Великобритании: снижение летальности с 66% в 1990 - 1993 гг. до 34% в 1994 - 1997 гг. Возможным объяснением таких благоприятных перемен в прогнозе ОРДС могут быть разработка и внедрение новых технологий респираторной поддержки, появление новых эффективных методов терапии сепсиса и улучшение общей терапии больных ОРДС.
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: 17.3. ОСТРАЯ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИОННАЯ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ
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Вентиляционная (гиперкапническая) ДН обусловлена первичным уменьшением эффективной легочной вентиляции (альвеолярная гиповентиляция), что нарушает выведение СО<sub>2</sub> и нередко приводит к серьезным нарушениям кислотно-основного состояния. При этом уровень гиперкапнии прямо пропорционален степени уменьшения альвеолярной вентиляции.
Кардинальным признаком вентиляционной ДН является гиперкапния (повышение PaCO<sub>2</sub> ≥45 мм рт.ст.), гипоксемия также присутствует, но она обычно хорошо поддается терапии кислородом. Вентиляционная ДН может развиваться вследствие нарушений функции «дыхательной помпы» или дыхательного центра.
type: dkli00449
Дата добавления: 2015-01-18 | Просмотры: 1031 | Нарушение авторских прав
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