ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
ТЛ может быть эмоционально глубоко переживаемым событием для пациентов и их семей. Это происходит на фоне приема ГКС, седативных средств, бессонницы и упорной боли, и многие пациенты испытывают острый синдром органического поражения мозга в течение нескольких дней и недель после пересадки. Высокие дозы ГКС могут вызвать глубокую депрессию, а также манию и даже психоз. Однако чаще высокие дозы ГКС вызывают сонливость и раздражительность. Предупредив об этом заранее пациента и его семью, можно предотвратить серьезный семейный кризис.
Ухудшение функции трансплантата (часто после периода хорошего состояния здоровья после ТЛ) может оказывать особенно удручающее психологическое действие на больного. Некоторые семьи строятся на отношении зависимости, и полное восстановление здоровья после ТЛ может привести к существенным изменениям отношений, приводя иногда к распаду брака и длительных отношений. Существенной частью любой программы ТЛ должна быть психологическая поддержка.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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Общая анестезия и оперативное лечение приводят к физиологическим изменениям, которые влияют на послеоперационную летальность и осложнения, на длительность пребывания в медицинском учреждении. Исследование, проведенное в 1995 г., показало, что у 17% пациентов после хирургического вмешательства развивается хотя бы одно осложнение [1]. Исследования последних десятилетий были направлены на то, чтобы еще до операции определить критерии, которые позволяют предсказать индивидуальный риск развития послеоперационных осложнений и летального исхода [2, 3]. Предоперационное функциональное обследование пациентов позволяет выявить «неоперабельных» пациентов, у которых достаточно высок риск серьезных операционных осложнений. Таким образом, цель предоперационной оценки пациента состоит в том, чтобы дать адекватные рекомендации о тактике ведения больных и риске, что позволит принять верное решение и выявить возможность уменьшить риск операционных осложнений и сократить период нетрудоспособности.
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