ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Гиперпродукция и накопление слизи в воздухоносных путях является проявлением множества хронических заболеваний легких
Гиперпродукция и накопление слизи в воздухоносных путях является проявлением множества хронических заболеваний легких, включая ХОБЛ, БА, бронхоэктатическую болезнь, муковисцидоз, ПЦД, полипы носа. Увеличение объема секрета в дыхательных путях и нарушение его эвакуации может явиться причиной воспаления, развития дыхательной недостаточности, смерти пациентов. Гиперсекреция слизи может быть связана с действием вредных факторов, бактерий, вирусов, аллергенов, высокой концентрации кислорода. Понимание клеточных и молекулярных механизмов продукции секрета способствует разработке рациональной патогенетической терапии при заболеваниях легких.
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: 04.4. МАКРОФАГИ И ДЕНДРИТНЫЕ КЛЕТКИ ЛЕГКИХ
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В системе защиты органов дыхания от проникновения чужеродного материала макрофаги легких (МЛ) выполняют роль эффекторов структурного гомеостаза, обеспечивающих постоянство внутренней среды. Они участвуют в реакциях врожденного и приобретенного специфического иммунитета, моделируют различные варианты воспаления, процессы восстановления паренхимы и стромы [1 - 4]. Различные стороны деятельности МЛ связаны с наличием у них поглотительной, секреторной и антигенпрезентирующей способностей, выраженность которых варьирует в разных субпопуляциях [5, 6]. Можно выделить четыре основные разновидности легочных мононуклеарных фагоцитов (МФ): 1) альвеолярные макрофаги (АМ), 2) бронхиальные макрофаги (БМ), 3) интерстициальные макрофаги (ИМ), 4) дендритные клетки (ДК). Все перечисленные субпопуляции имеют ряд общих признаков, которые отличают их от МФ других органов и в значительной степени связаны с адаптацией к аэробным условиям функционирования. Они поддерживают структурный гомеостаз соответствующих отделов органа и обеспечивают полноценность респираторной функции в целом. Изучение различных клинических аспектов морфофункционального состояния МЛ - перспективное направление современной диагностики и лечения многих воспалительных процессов.
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